ALS ( LOU GEHRIGS DISEASE ) Caused by Seafood Neurotoxin?

“If we’re right, we can stop these diseases — and that’s huge,”

Banack says. “We can get BMAA out of people’s bodies, and out of their diets.

There’s a lot of potential for good.”

Based on recent discoveries, Phase II clinical trials are underway to see if a

zinc-based drug could remove BMAA from the body and slow the progression

of ALS, bringing hope to victims of a disease that has given them little reason

for optimism.

WHATS NEW AND EXCITING AT S.O.S ?

OTHER NEW ARTICLES AVAILABLE

https://soundofstars.org/newarticles.htm

Institute for EthnoMedicine

“…Medical Center tasked students with plugging in the addresses of 200 of his ALS patients into Google Earth. The patterns that emerged were astounding! “

A neurotoxin found in seafood may be the cause of ALS?

In Maryland, three ALS patients lived on the same street in a small town just north of Annapolis. But these ALS victims had more than just proximity in common. They all ate fresh caught Bay Blue Crabs from Chesapeake Bay at least once a week. Researchers tested the crabs and found that 2 out of 3 were positive for BMAA.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a severely debilitating illness that destroys neurons in the brain and spinal cord, paralyzing its victims until they can no longer breathe or swallow. It used to be quite a rare disease with no known cause, afflicting 2 out of 100,000 people a year. Today, however, ALS diagnoses are on the rise, and research suggests that a neurotoxin found in seafood may be the culprit.

Blue Green Algae and BMAA

BMAA is a toxin that proliferates in cyanobacteria, which is blue-green algae that thrives in aquatic environments. Aquatic animals, from fish to crab to mollusks, feed on blue-green algae, and subsequently become a possible source of BMAA exposure for humans. Test-tube experiments have revealed that BMAA can destroy motor nerve cells in the spinal cord—the very same ones killed by ALS!

HOW DO WE FIND OUT IF THE TOXIN IS IN A PERSONS BODY?

Detection of BMAA in the human central nervous system

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452215001840

https://www.google.ca/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=HqY4VcChOceGggLj9oGgCw&gws_rd=ssl#q=Quantification+of+neurotoxin+BMAA+%28%CE%B2-N-methylamino-L-alanine%29+in+seafood+from+Swedish+markets

IF DETECTED, HOW DO WE TREAT, REMEDY AND HEAL THE BODY FROM THIS?

links for treatments : https://www.google.ca/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=HqY4VcChOceGggLj9oGgCw&gws_rd=ssl#q=%22l-serine%22+als

http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=428

Treatment with L-Serine

L-Serine is the form of serine used in protein synthesis and is readily assimilated by the digestive system. In October of 1998, Dr. Ian Buttfield commented that L-serine supplementation "should help about 60% of people with CFS significantly." Dr. Buttfield starts patients on 500 mg in the morning, increasing to a daily total of 2 grams a day. Morning dosage is suggested because although this amino acid is remarkably free of side effects, some have complained of sleep disturbance while on serine.

Dr. Rosamund Vallings, a New Zealand general practitioner, spoke at the February Australian conference about her informal study of six CFIDS patients who were found to have low urinary serine levels. She prescribed 500 mg of L-serine twice daily. After one month, five of them saw improvement while one, the only child in the study, noted little change. The areas of greatest improvement with L-serine were 1) ear, nose, throat; 2) joints and muscles; 3) digestive tract; and 4) energy. Dr. Vallings concluded that "[a]ttempting to supplement this possible deficit has so far proved worthwhile."

When interviewed, Dr. Vallings revealed that she had now been using L-Serine for about four months on two dozen or so patients. She has continued to have them take 500 mg twice daily but is considering increasing this to 2 grams a day, as Dr. Buttfield has been doing. Dr. Vallings acknowledges that while some patients have benefited with sleep, emotional, and cognitive function, other of her patients have not been helped by the serine supplements. Dr. Vallings cautions that amino acids should not be given if the patients' serine levels are not known to be low, as this could effect the proper balance of these within t he body. Supplementation should be under medical/health supervision.

HOW MUCH L-SERINE TO TAKE?

“I have been taking the maximum daily dosage that the study is using 30 grams. Well I'm cautiously optimistic but after only 6 full days I'm able to lift coffee cups onto the second shelf in a cupboard (couldn't do this with two hands a week ago) and am able to lift my right arm higher then I could a week ago, by a significant amount. Again these are just my findings, but in 2 years since diagnosed this is the first improvement I've ever seen. Is that dosage harmful, I really don't know. I bought a month supply so will continue to monitor results. I was told however that it's safe to take with Rilutek as it's only an amino acid. Are there others here that have done the same as me? If so what have you noticed, positive or negative? Sorry for the long post but I am excited about the early results and thought I should report this if it's able to be beneficial to anyone else. I don't mind being the guinea pig.”

- L-Serine (which is the title of this string) is currently in a Ph II trial in which the max dosage is 15gm twice daily (or 30gm daily)

- Acetyl L-Carnatine is being discussed in this stirng WAS in a Ph II trial which completed in 2013, and for which the max dosage was 3gm per day. NOT 30gm per day.

http://www.alsforums.com/forum/general-discussion-about-als-mnd/25976-l-serine.html

Determining the Safety of L-serine in ALS

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01835782

Could frequencies be developed to mimic “L-Serine” ? For related information see this link ;

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/search/messages?query=frequency%20substance%20emulation

     Humans have most likely been exposed to BMAA throughout our evolutionary history, however industrial agricultural methods have increased the concentration of BMAA in seafood. Fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, and eroded soil contaminate various aquatic habitats and threaten our health.

     Scientists predict that BMAA exposure is only going to increase, and the rates of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS will increase right alongside them. More and more research validates the link between BMAA and ALS; in fact, BMAA has been shown to be present in the brain and spinal cord tissues of both endemic and sporadic ALS and Alzheimer's patients.

Where's the Proof?

Wanting a clearer understanding of ALS, neurologist Elijah Stommel of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center tasked students with plugging in the addresses of 200 of his ALS patients into Google Earth. The patterns that emerged were astounding! Both his current and deceased patients lived around lakes and other bodies of water. Many lower income families in New Hampshire fish from waters affected by cyanobacteria several times a week as a low-to-no-cost food source. The incidence of ALS has increased by as much as 25 times in recent decades in these areas!

     Wisconsin is also experiencing an increase in ALS incidence in people who eat fish at least once a week, 50% of which they catch fresh out of Lake Michigan, rife with blue-green algae.

     In Maryland, three ALS patients lived on the same street in a small town just north of Annapolis. But these ALS victims had more than just proximity in common. They all ate fresh caught Bay Blue Crabs from Chesapeake Bay at least once a week. Researchers tested the crabs and found that 2 out of 3 were positive for BMAA.

     France, Finland, Guam—similar case studies have been reported around the world.

Reduce Your Risk

As of right now the link between BMAA and ALS is just a theory, but a strong enough hypothesis that 21 research teams from 11 countries are studying the effects of BMAA on human health. While research is underway, experts advise limiting your consumption of fish and reducing your exposure to BMAA and mercury, which may have a synergistic toxic effect. To stay up to date on the most sustainable and safe seafood, visit Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch.

breakthrough-discovery-links-blue-green-algae-with-motor-neuron-disease

Breakthrough discovery links blue-green algae with motor neuron disease

26 Sep 2013

In summary:

• For the first time UTS and US research has found a link between toxins produced by blue-green algae and motor neurone disease

• Over 90 per cent of motor neuron diseases have had no known cause or cure

A recently identified link between a toxic amino acid found in blue-green algae and several motor neuron diseases could help researchers devise a therapy for the fatal conditions.

Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), most often associated with nutrient runoff in coastal waters, produce a neurotoxic amino acid called β-methylamino-L-alanine, or BMAA.

Australian waterways regularly succumb to toxic algal blooms, the NSW’s Barwon-Darling River System suffering one of the world’s largest in the summer of 1991-92 when a bloom spread for over 1000 kilometres.

There has been increasing evidence of a link between motor neuron disease and the consumption of food or water contaminated by blue-green algae but it wasn’t clear how the algal toxin was damaging the central nervous system.

Now, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) researchers led by Dr Ken Rodgers, in collaboration with leading ethno botanist Dr Paul Cox and researchers from the Institute of EthnoMedicine in Wyoming in the US, have discovered that BMAA mimics an amino acid called serine that is used to make human proteins. BMAA is mistakenly incorporated into human proteins in place of serine, resulting in damaged proteins which over time, build up to toxic levels and kill the cells.

The research findings are published today in the journal PLOS ONE. The first author of the paper, Dr Rachael Dunlop, said for many years people had linked BMAA with an increased risk of motor neuron disease.

“The missing piece of the puzzle was how this might occur. Finally, we have that piece,” said Dr Dunlop. “Common amongst all neurodegenerative diseases is the problem of clumps of proteins overloading cells and forcing them to ‘commit suicide’. This research reveals that BMAA can also trigger this process,”

BMAA was originally identified in Guam after the indigenous people, the Chamorros, were found to suffer motor neurone disease up to 100 times more often than other people. The Chamorros used seeds from cycad palms to make flour, and regularly ate fruit bats, which also ate the seeds. Both these foodstuffs contained BMAA.

Since then, research has revealed increased incidences of MND in people who lived near lakes subject to frequent cyanobacterial blooms, among consumers of contaminated shellfish, and in soldiers deployed to the Gulf War between 1990-1991.

Over 90 per cent of motor neuron diseases have no known cause or cure. The diseases kill motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, progressively paralysing the body.

Though MND is relatively rare, it has a high profile as a result of a number of high-profile people being affected including Professor Stephen Hawking.

The full paper can be found here

http://www.psmag.com/health-and-behavior/was-lou-gehrigs-als-caused-by-tap-water-38804

Rudyard Kipling called it “Hell’s Half Acre,” a geothermal wonderland where people could fall through the Earth’s thin crust or be poached by steamy hot springs and geysers. Most visitors to Yellowstone National Park’s Midway Geyser Basin stroll the wooden boardwalks, but a few hike a short, steep side trail that reveals a bird’s-eye view of the entire valley, including Grand Prismatic Spring, which can be fully appreciated only from above. Mustard-yellow and vibrant-orange mats spread like tentacles from the turquoise pool. “Not even the most talented artist could imagine something as beautiful as that,” muses Sandra Banack, a biologist who studies cyanobacteria, the microbes that create the colorful mats — and that hold a toxic secret.

Banack works as senior scientist at the Institute for EthnoMedicine in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, alongside the institute’s founder, Paul Cox, a botanist and conservationist. Cox’s long list of achievements includes working to preserve Samoan rain forests, for which he was awarded the 1997 Goldman Environmental Prize, and discovering one of the few compounds active against HIV, prostratin, from the Samoan mamala tree. In the early 2000s — when he directed the National Tropical Botanical Gardens in Hawaii and Florida and Banack was a biology professor at California State University, Fullerton — the two made a series of discoveries that led to the founding of the institute.

What started as a study of the island of Guam’s fruit bats and cycads, ancient seed-bearing plants that resemble palms, led to a startling hypothesis: Could cyanobacteria cause neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s?

“WE NEVER WANTED TO announce a problem without some thoughtful solutions,” says Cox. He, Banack, and I met at their small institute, a building tucked on a side street near Jackson Hole’s town square two hours from Yellowstone. The institute’s two-room laboratory is stuffed with equipment and Erlenmeyer flasks filled with emerald goo — cyanobacteria from around the world.

Cyanobacteria, which sometimes form symbiotic relationships with other organisms, live in marine and freshwater habitats and even in dried desert crusts, where they spring to life with the first droplets of rain. The microbes may cover shallow lakes and ocean floors or grow over the top of coral reefs. And under certain conditions, massive blooms erupt, covering the water’s surface in a pea-green scum.

Although frequently called blue-green algae, cyanos are actually bacteria that photosynthesize, or create food from light, which is why early scientists classified them as algae. Modern genetics shows they share no evolutionary lineage with algae; the classification is as scientifically accurate as calling a dog a plant.

Cyanobacteria produce a host of nasty compounds, including neurotoxins that derail nervous systems, hepatotoxins that damage liver function, and tumor promoters. Their blooms have poisoned wildlife and caused massive fish kills. In humans they can cause rashes, numbness, vomiting, and sometimes long-term liver or nerve damage. While “death by pond scum” has never appeared in an obituary, that could change: not only are blooms increasing worldwide, but scientists predict they will worsen as the climate warms and nutrient levels rise, when, for example, fertilizers from America’s breadbasket run into the Mississippi River and down to the Gulf of Mexico. Recently, burgeoning cyano blooms in the Great Lakes have garnered attention.

Although cyanobacterial toxins are well known, until Cox started studying them, no one had documented that they can cause health problems years after exposure.

I first met Cox in 2004, when he gave a seminar at Rice University in Houston, where I was a graduate student. He told a riveting tale about following a serendipitous trail of clues that led him to discover that a tiny toxic molecule, beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), believed to be from cycads on Guam, was in fact produced by cyanobacteria, and not just on Guam, but around the world. More astonishing, he and Banack discovered that BMAA had accumulated in the brains of humans who’d died from ALS, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s — but not in the brains of people who’d died from other causes. Was BMAA accumulation a cause or an effect of these diseases? And how had BMAA gotten into these individuals’ brains in the first place?

Cox and Banack theorized that long-term, chronic exposure to BMAA — from eating food, drinking or swimming in water contaminated with cyanobacteria — could trigger these neurodegenerative diseases. He suspected that BMAA accumulated in the brain, creating a neurotoxic reservoir that eventually began to attack the nervous system. He also suspected a gene-environment interaction, since many people are likely exposed, but not everyone falls ill.

A 2005 New Yorker article detailed Cox’s hypothesis, and his critics complaints that his initial studies showing BMAA in human brains had been based on small sample sizes, and that there was no plausible scientific mechanism for how it could accumulate in brain tissues. BMAA is a nonprotein amino acid — in other words, it’s not one of the 20 amino acid building blocks that make up proteins in all living organisms. “My grail now is to raise this story to the level of scientific respectability,” the article quoted Cox. And he set out, guns blazing, to do just that.

After the Institute for EthnoMedicine was founded in 2004, Banack, who had studied bats, donned a lab coat while Cox built a loose consortium of scientists — neurologists, medical scientists, analytical chemists, bacteriologists, ecologists — who could help piece together the puzzle. Although their research will provide new insights into all neurodegenerative diseases, the institute focuses on ALS both because it’s more accurately diagnosed in living patients than is Alzheimer’s and because ALS has no known cause or cure.

Called Lou Gehrig’s disease after the baseball player who died from it in 1941, ALS is a brutal disease that strikes healthy people seemingly at random. Victims are slowly paralyzed, and within two to five years most have died, usually after reaching the point where they can no longer breathe or swallow. The only therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration offers at best two to three extra months of life. Around 5,600 Americans are diagnosed with ALS every year, and 90 percent of cases remain unexplained.

“If we’re right, we can stop these diseases — and that’s huge,” Banack says. “We can get BMAA out of people’s bodies, and out of their diets. There’s a lot of potential for good.”

DURING COX'S SEMINAR HE described the famous medical mystery of Guam. The indigenous Chamorro people suffer from what they call lytico-bodig; its symptoms include ALS-like paralysis, Parkinson’s-like shaking, and occasionally Alzheimer’s-like dementia. At the height of the epidemic, in the 1950s, Chamorros were succumbing to lytico-bodig at an astonishing rate — 50 to 100 times the normal rate of ALS worldwide.

In 1967, researcher Arthur Bell suspected lytico-bodig might be traced to the island’s cycads, and he was the first to isolate BMAA from the plants. More than 30 years later, Cox discovered that it was cyanobacteria within the cycad roots that produced BMAA, rather than the cycads themselves. On Guam, Cox also learned that the Chamorros craved stewed Mariana flying fox, consuming them whole — brains, bones, skin, and all. Perhaps, he surmised, BMAA biomagnified (or increased in concentration) as it moved up the food chain — from cyanobacteria to cycad to bat to human — much as the fat-soluble insecticide DDT once had.

Cox set out to find more collaborators. Renowned neurologist Oliver Sacks added his name to the first scientific paper outlining the hypothesis, in 2002. But others took more convincing. Banack recalls that after Cox presented his ideas before the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm in 2003 “the room was totally silent. We looked at each other. Finally Lars-Olof Ronnevi, at the Karolinska Medical Institute said, ‘Your account of flying foxes has been a source of great amusement at our cocktail parties. Now that I’ve heard your research, I think you are on to something.’”

One of the major discoveries made by Cox and his colleagues, published in 2004, was that 50 to 100 times as much BMAA is bound within proteins than exists as free amino acids, which are not bound together into chains but float in the cellular or intercellular fluid. Cells build proteins by stringing together amino acids using a process called translation.

“At the time Cox first published his hypothesis,” says Walter Bradley, a neurologist and ALS expert at University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, “the scientific world thought translation was so accurate that no amino acid other than the 20 that normally make up our proteins could be incorporated into them.” Since amino acids dissolve in water, most scientists also didn’t think BMAA could biomagnify.

Cox’s ability to see solutions where others see obstacles has earned rave reviews from some of his peers. Bradley, who collaborates with Cox, calls him a polymath, a Renaissance man. A former graduate student, Renee Richer — who helped connect higher rates of ALS in Gulf War veterans with inhalation of desert crusts containing cyanobacteria — describes him as “one of those rare minds that comes along only once in a while.”

But along with the kudos are still some criticisms. A handful of scientists were skeptical of the BMAA hypothesis, before and after Cox came along. These included Douglas Galasko, director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at the University of California, San Diego; Tom Montine, a professor at the University of Washington; and Daniel Perl of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland. The three published two separate studies, in 2005 and 2009, that failed to find BMAA in human brains. In the first study they had looked only for free, unbound BMAA, not BMAA in protein chains in tissues. “If BMAA is incorporated into proteins, leading to protein dysfunction or an immune reaction, this would be a remarkable and novel mechanism of toxicity,” Montine and his colleagues wrote in the journal Neurology in 2005.

As well as questioning biomagnification and sample size, they asked if Cox could have been detecting an isomer, a compound with the same molecular formula as BMAA but a different structural formula.

In response, Cox and Banack published two papers, in 2010 and 2011, detailing a method for differentiating BMAA from its isomers and suggesting that other scientists standardize their research techniques so that results could be more accurately compared. In 2009, Deborah Mash, a professor of neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, replicated Cox’s brain study, finding BMAA in the brains of ALS, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s victims but not in the brains of people who’d died from Huntington’s, a neurodegenerative disease that’s linked to a specific gene. She also verified that BMAA crosses the blood-brain barrier in laboratory rats.

A 2006 paper coauthored by Susan L. Ackerman of the Jackson Laboratory in Maine, published in Nature, revealed that insertion of the wrong amino acid into a protein chain, known as misincorporation, can cause neurodegenerative disease. And research by Ken Rodgers and Rachael Dunlop in Sydney, Australia, which at press time was scheduled to be unveiled at the International Symposium on ALS/MND (motor neuron disease) in December, found that BMAA can be incorporated into protein chains within human neurons, causing proteins to “misfold” and form aggregates within the cells.

Many proteins have a highly specific three-dimensional structure in which the water-loving (hydrophilic) parts stay on the outside, and the water-repelling (hydrophobic) parts stay on the inside. “If proteins are damaged or contain a nonprotein amino acid such as BMAA, the structure of the protein can be altered so that the hydrophobic parts become exposed, and the damaged proteins can then stick together and form aggregates,” Rodgers says. What’s more, he found that the higher the concentration of BMAA, the more likely that it would be incorporated into a protein chain. When proteins misfold and stick together within nerve cells, it is thought to lead to neurofibrillary tangles, a telltale sign of neurodegenerative disease.

Much work remains to be done, but the scientists working on Cox and Banack’s hypothesis believe that normal metabolic processes should allow most people to metabolize and excrete small amounts of BMAA. But some individuals don’t metabolize or excrete BMAA, which could allow it to accumulate in their nerve cells. And that, if Cox and his team are right, could lead to ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Based on recent discoveries, Phase II clinical trials are underway to see if a zinc-based drug could remove BMAA from the body and slow the progression of ALS, bringing hope to victims of a disease that has given them little reason for optimism.

WHILE BANACK SHOWS ME Banack shows me how researchers at the institute test for BMAA using a machine called a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, my mind wanders to how I might be exposed to the toxin — in drinking water, seafood, milk from cows eating pastures irrigated with pond-scum-laden water, spirulina in my protein shakes. I ask about blue-green algae supplements. “Our official policy is that we do not test them,” she says, choosing her words carefully. She refers me to a 2008 paper by Dan Dietrich from the International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms; he found large quantities of BMAA in commercially sold supplements, including ones containing spirulina and Aphanizomenon flos–aquae.

Cox and Banack have tested, but not yet published, data on several food items. “We are very interested in shellfish as a possible route of exposure, because an oyster can filter 4 to 8 liters of water a minute. They’re amazing indicators of waterborne toxins. They’re like canaries in the mine shaft,” says Cox. “The danger, if there is one, is in consuming shellfish from cyanobacterially contaminated habitats. But if you’re eating from a pristine habitat, you are OK.” I point out that people usually don’t know what kind of water their seafood comes from. Cox suggests that warnings could help. The government already warns people to avoid eating fish caught in mine-tailing areas and to avoid shellfish at certain times of year because of toxins; similar warnings could work for areas with cyanobacterial blooms or high BMAA levels.

In 2009, Larry Brand, a marine biologist at the University of Miami, published a study showing extreme BMAA levels in bottom-feeding species off Florida’s coast, where a massive cyanobacterial bloom exists. Pink shrimp, blue crabs, and species that feed on the ocean floor had the highest levels; people eat some of those species. Brand and Deborah Mash have since found BMAA in the brains of dolphins as well as in fins of several shark species, organisms at the top of the food chain. Meanwhile, European researchers have documented biomagnification of BMAA in Baltic Sea aquatic life.

“As the dose goes up, our data suggests that incidence [of ALS] also goes up,” says Cox. “If people are consuming a BMAA-rich diet, there’s more chance they are going to fall ill. People need to be very careful about the water they’re drinking.” Neurologist Elijah Stommel of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center has linked clusters of ALS cases in the same zip code, or even the same street or building, to exposure to cyanobacteria-contaminated lakes in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. Stommel is building a geographic database of ALS cases in the northeastern U.S.; it already includes more than 800 cases.

Do standard water-treatment methods remove BMAA? Only one study has been conducted so far. A graduate student who works with microbiologist Tim Downing at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Summerstrand campus in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, found that standard water-treatment methods, including sand filtration, powdered activated carbon (a bit like what’s found in a Brita filter), and chlorination, were particularly successful at removing BMAA. Flocculation, sometimes called coagulation, in which particles are allowed to settle and then made to cluster so that they can be separated from drinking water, was not as effective.

I knew that Texas’s Lake Houston, which supplies drinking water to residents of this country’s fourth largest city, including me, regularly has cyanobacterial blooms, so I collected water and sediment from the lake and mailed it to the institute. It returned positive for BMAA. Houston’s Northeast Water Treatment Plant uses coagulation, sedimentation, and sand-filtration processes, so I can only hope they remove the BMAA.

There are potentially bigger problems further north. According to Stommel’s research in New England, the rate of ALS doubles around lakes where cyanobacterial blooms have been reported. For people living around Lake Mascoma in New Hampshire, the prevalence of ALS was 10 to 25 times the normal rate. At present, no water facilities are known to test for BMAA, though in a 2005 article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Cox and his colleagues suggested it would be prudent to monitor BMAA concentrations in drinking water contaminated by cyanobacterial blooms. Researchers at the institute have created an antibody that binds with BMAA and could be used in a simple dipstick-type water test. They’ve also developed the technology for a filter that would remove the compound. Cox hopes some company will commercialize these technologies. “We’re not a commercial lab,” he says. “We need to focus on finding a cure.”

In a world where poisons assault us from every angle — air, water, food, cosmetics — people tend to either overreact or ignore the problem. “You can cause panic pretty easily,” says Banack. “We want to urge measured caution.”

BANACK AND COX SAY they believe the paradigm is shifting in the science of neurodegenerative diseases. For the past decade or so, most funds have gone toward seeking genes that cause neurodegenerative diseases. “If there’s a gene that can cause ALS, then maybe there’s some way to block it. Everybody’s been looking at genetics,” says Banack. “There’s some good research out there, but as Cox says, scientists have been kicking the same ball for 15 years.” Given that 90 percent of cases haven’t yet been explained by genetics, more scientists have begun assessing environmental triggers.

One thing going for the institute’s research is the variety of fields represented in Cox’s consortium of scientists. Too often scientists work in disciplinary silos, “and the silos are not communicating,” says Cox. “A lot of neurologists never heard of cyanobacteria, and a lot of cyanobacterial people were not that familiar with ALS. But there have been a lot of really smart people working really hard for a long time, and there has just not been any progress in terms of discovering new therapies. It’s going to require an interdisciplinary group to approach the problem from a number of different angles.

“The paradigm here that is emerging is that there are ties between environmental health and human health,” Cox goes on. “There is a tie between cyanobacteria and human health. I think that’s pretty well accepted. And at this point we suspect there may be a tie between cyanobacterial toxins and your risk of progressive neurodegenerative disease — but it’s still a hypothesis.”

“If we can disprove it, we can go move on to something else,” adds Banack. “But so far we’ve been unable to disprove it. The data support the hypothesis.”

“We probably have some details wrong,” Cox admits. “But at this point, it’s hard to think that we, including all 20 universities focusing on it, are totally on a wild-goose chase.”

Move Over Hackers, Biohackers Are Here

“Biohacking means many things to many people, to me the simplest explanation is the increased

accessibility of the tools of molecular engineering to a broader category of people out of the

confines of the ivory tower and into the hands of citizen scientists,” adds Bethencourt.

“I’d likely argue that our leading biohackers are the elderly. A friend once told me that the elderly

our pioneers in this brave new world of biotech, out of necessity, their entire bodies are being

rebuilt or hacked from the cellular level up, hip replacements, pacemakers, insulin, stem cell

therapies, the list of modifications that our elderly pioneers are making to their bodies makes

the bio-tattoo pale in comparison,” Bethencourt says.

Perlstein says he would define biohacking less by what kind of projects are being done and more

by what kind of scientists/researchers are doing the work.

“Biohackers

clearly sit on the fringe of the tech, academia and VC communities. There’s no home

for them in this world of labels and boxes, so they just make their own homes around the globe.”

Bio-hackers and the “maker” community are making surprising inroads towards enabling a

DIY approach to low cost improvements to biology and life processes.

“Professional trained biologists are used to working in a traditional, dare I say hidebound,

cultural hierarchy, where there’s a single Principal Investigator leading a group of transient trainees

and a few permanent staff positions,” adds Perlestein. “Biohackers tend to create flatter hierarchies,

but that absence of executive function creates more chances for divergence.”

But if you ask Berkley Bio Labs CEO, Ryan Bethencourt, he’ll tell you proudly that biohacking is

an evolution of the silicon valley hacker culture that includes the modification of life, from single

cell microbes to multicellular plants and animals through the use of available tools, machines and

molecular engineering, to create new forms of life or molecules/materials.

Biohacking could literally change the world as we know it — Ryan Bethencourt, CEO, Berkley Bio Lab

TRUE HACKER

In modern terms, if we take the classic definition of a computer hacker from the 80s as our baseline, it was someone who tinkered with programs to create breakthrough security or make programs that did something besides what they were intended to do. Wikipedia says biohacking is the practice of engaging biology with the hacker ethic.

Wolf brings up another point about the term biohacking. She says the term is also applied to a general mode of self-improvement that allows one to “surpass” imagined boundaries.

“It’s taking “Lifehacker” to the physical body. I’m of the opinion that a definition of biohacking that would include parkour and embedding magnets in one’s fingertips would ALSO include the types of technologies that allow athletes to excel, would include prosthetics/disability tech,” adds Wolf.

Biohackers share a belief in the power of technology to enhance our beings – Dr. Kevin Curran, University of Ulster, IEEE member

“I see biohacking used in the context of things like parkour and the use of neurostimulation/neurofeedback to create new neuronal connections in one’s brain. Sure, someone with a limited view of biology could say our bodies aren’t supposed to do that, but they would be wrong,” adds Wolf. ”It’s merely using our natural biological plasticity to a different kind of advantage.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2014/03/15/move-over-hackers-biohackers-are-here/2/

“The definitions claim that practitioners of ‘cyborg’ biohacking aspire to create superior being, but in reality they aspire to restore equilibrium (or healing/restoration of function) in the bodies of disabled people,” said Curran. “ Biohackers share a belief in the power of technology to enhance our beings. There is a lot of publicity given to their ‘self mutilation’ or ‘reckless experimentation’ however doctors since time, have a tradition of self experimentation with new drugs or untested treatments.”

“ Biohacking is just a return to the original roots of science,” says Bethencourt. “There was once a time when science was the pursuit of hobbyists and many great and notable scientists who were at the time considered amateurs or self funded but yet revolutionized the way we understood the world around us, like Sir Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin and Charles Darwin.”

Bethencourt says the more interesting question might be, who will be the biohacker Newtons, Franklins or Darwins of our time? That might, in their tiny underfunded labs, revolutionize the world around us for the better, in ways we can’t yet predict?

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2014/03/15/move-over-hackers-biohackers-are-here/3/

Ron Shigeta runs Berkeley Biolabs, a biohacking site in Berkeley, California, where dozens of would-be biologists gather frequently to hack around. He says biohacking is “a freedom to explore biology, kind of like you would explore good fiction.” As for the hacking part, “hacking is kind of like the freedom to sort of dig deep into something, just because you’re interested in it. … The whole idea of biohacking is that people feel entitled, they feel the ability to just follow their curiosity — where it should go — and really get to the bottom of something they want to understand.”

“The whole idea of biohacking is that people feel entitled, they feel the ability to just follow their curiosity — where it should go — and really get to the bottom of something they want to understand.”But hacking also has a negative connotation; when someone hacks your computer, you want to send him or her to jail. But that’s not exactly what biohacking is. Drew Endy, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford, who considers himself a biohacker, says “I come from a tradition where hacking is a positive term, and it means learning about stuff by building, and trying to make things and seeing what happens.”

MORE GREAT LINKS ON “BIO-HACKING”

http://www.biohackers.la/bio_projects

http://www.meetup.com/Biohackers-NYC/

http://biohackspace.org/

http://biohacksblog.com/

https://www.bulletproofexec.com/tag/biohacking/

WHAT DOES “EVOKED POTENTIAL” MEAN ?

An evoked potential is a way of recording just one "program" from the scalp electrodes, namely the response of the brain to a specific stimulus. The desired response may last tens or hundreds of milliseconds after the stimulus, but it is swamped by the other background activity. However, the assumption is that if the exact same stimulus is given repeatedly, the target response will be the same each time. On the other hand, the vast majority of brain activity is unrelated to the target response, so it just goes about its normal activity and is not the same each time... it is just "random" noise.

To measure an auditory evoked response, the stimulus is typically a series of brief tone bursts. The recovered response waveform can be used to indicate how well the subject heard the bursts. This method can be used even when the subject is unconscious or otherwise unable to speak, such as a pre-lingual infant or non-human animal.

http://www.daqarta.com/dw_bb0e.htm

Vol 4, No 1 (2014)

Materialization of DNA Fragment and, Wave Genetics in Theory & Practice

http://dnadecipher.com/index.php/ddj/issue/view/11/showToc

While western researchers cut single genes from DNA strands and insert them elsewhere, the Russians enthusiastically created devices that influence cellular metabolism through modulated radio and light frequencies, thus repairing genetic defects.

They even captured information patterns of a particular DNA and transmitted it onto another, thus reprogramming cells to another genome. So they successfully transformed, for example, frog embryos to salamander embryos simply by transmitting the DNA information patterns! This way the entire information was transmitted without any of the side effects or disharmonies encountered when cutting out and re-introducing single genes from the DNA.

This represents an unbelievable, world-transforming revolution and sensation: by simply applying vibration (sound frequencies) and language instead of the archaic cutting-out procedure! "
http://rense.com/general62/expl.htm

"...consciousness changes your DNA...consciousness changes reality...consciousness changes biology..."

DNA Molecules can teleport ;
http://news.techworld.com/personal-tech/3256631/dna-molecules-can-teleport-nobel-prize-winner-claims/

FREQUENCY : Rejuvenation using DNA map
A rather astounding claim by Peter Guy Manners (no clue as to the date) using cymatics where specific frequencies resonate with each organ...by projecting those frequencies into the area of the organ, it will heal and rebuild it.

"Recently, in Germany, researchers took the DNA of a 17-year-old boy, recorded its sound frequencies, and saved them. The boy was accidentally killed, but the scientists still had his DNA frequency patterns.

Later, the DNA frequencies of the 17-year-old were transmitted into the body of a man in his late thirties. And the man almost became the young boy.

His skin became youthful, he became slim, his hair went back to its natural color. Today he's in his forties and he still looks like a much younger man."

Stated most simply, Cymatics therapy uses a toning device to transmit into diseased areas of the body the signature vibrations of healthy organs and tissues.

The instrument that is used to transmit sound vibrations into the human body is currently known as the Mark VI. It has replaced Mark I through V. ''This instrument,'' Dr. Manners says, ''holds up to 390 commutations of frequencies, sounds which will regenerate organs and tissues in the body.'' - Rejuvenation using DNA map

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE_Nfu2U5XA&feature=player_embedded

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ty_ZJe4gb4&feature=player_embedded

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vJ5xB7Y0JBY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=N_lDypgVO8s

REFERENCE ; " Kaznacheyev Effect ; The Kaznacheyev experiments proved conclusively that cellular death and disease patterns can be transmitted and induced electromagnetically.*"

*We point out that this effect has been investigated in both the infrared and ultraviolet. IR to UV may be taken as a single harmonic interval - an octave, musically speaking. The same effect can be reproduced in any other "octave" (single harmonic interval) of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum. The reversal of the effect can also be achieved in any harmonic interval. The mechanism for these effects involves the cellular biopotential, Popp's master cellular control system, and the deterministically-tailored substructure of photons.
http://www.cheniere.org/books/aids/ch5.htm

DNA TELPORTS BETWEEN TEST TUBES
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1012/1012.5166v1.pdf

Russian biophysicist and molecular biologist Pjotr Garjajev and his colleagues have been carrying out cutting-edge research the more esoteric nature of DNA. They simply did not believe that 90% of our DNA is ‘Junk DNA’. From the German book Vernetzte Intelligenz by Grazyna Fosar and Franz Bludorf (summarised and translated by Baerbel):

The latest research explains phenomena such as clairvoyance, intuition, spontaneous and remote acts of healing, self healing, affirmation techniques, unusual light-auras around people (namely spiritual masters), mind's influence on weather-patterns and much more. The Russian scientists also found out that our DNA can cause disturbing patterns in the vacuum, thus producing magnetized wormholes! Wormholes are the microscopic equivalents of the so-called Einstein-Rosen bridges in the vicinity of black holes (left by burned-out stars). These are tunnel connections between entirely different areas in the universe through which information can be transmitted outside of space and time. The DNA attracts these bits of information and passes them on to our consciousness...

Russian researcher Dr.Vladimir Poponin put DNA in a tube and beamed a laser through it. When the DNA was removed, the laser light continued spiralling on its own, like it would through a crystal! This effect is called ‘Phantom DNA Effect’.

It is surmised that energy from outside of space and time still flows through the activated wormholes after the DNA was removed. The side effect encountered most often in hyper communication and also in human beings are inexplicable electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the persons concerned. Electronic devices like CD players and the like can be irritated and cease to function for hours. When the electromagnetic field slowly dissipates, the devices function normally again. Many healers and psychics know this effect from their work.

The Russian scientists irradiated DNA samples with laser light. On screen, a typical wave pattern was formed. When they removed the DNA sample, the wave pattern did not disappear, it remained. Many controlled experiments showed that the pattern continued to come from the removed sample, whose energy field apparently remained by itself. This effect is now called phantom DNA effect. It is surmised that energy from outside of space and time still flows through the activated wormholes after the DNA was removed. The side effects encountered most often in hyper-communication in humans are inexplicable electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the persons concerned.

Living DNA substance (in living tissue, not in vitro) will always react to language-modulated laser rays and even to radio waves, if the proper frequencies (sound) are being used. This finally and scientifically explains why affirmations, hypnosis and the like can have such strong effects on humans and their bodies. It is entirely normal and natural for our DNA to react to language.

While western researchers cut single genes from DNA strands and insert them elsewhere, the Russians enthusiastically created devices that influence cellular metabolism through modulated radio and light frequencies, thus repairing genetic defects.

They even captured information patterns of a particular DNA and transmitted it onto another, thus reprogramming cells to another genome. So they successfully transformed, for example, frog embryos to salamander embryos simply by transmitting the DNA information patterns! This way the entire information was transmitted without any of the side effects or disharmonies encountered when cutting out and re-introducing single genes from the DNA.

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_genetica04.htm

http://2012forum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=59&t=6864

http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/gariaev.htm

http://www.rense.com/general62/expl.htm

http://www.rexresearch.com/gajarev/gajarev.htm

http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message278071/pg1

http://www.emergentmind.org/gariaev06.htm

http://www.nikigratrixblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/DrTOvokaitysArticle.pdf

http://prof77.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/dna-replication-at-a-distance-reported-by-nobel-scientist/

http://www.fmbr.org/editoral/edit12_13/edit2_oct12.php

http://www.davidicke.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-15025.html

MORE INFORMATION ON THIS TOPICA WILL BE UPDATED

ON THIS WEB PAGE PERDIOICALLY – CHECK BACK REGULARLY!

“Even as a long time user, I get amazed….” Kat King ;

…………..

6724Viral Inhibitor

=========================================

Antiviral Frequency & Related Descriptions :

https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/3274061-viral-inhibitor-elixir-mp3

https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/236191282-immunity-booster-frequency-emulation-collection

for discounts on above links, email me at doc_starz@yahoo.com

=========================================

Onewhocounts ;

Doc, yesterday morning my daughter got up with a bad sinus or cold or

flu problem.

her eyes were watering, her facial bones were aching, her voice was

raspy, she felt miserable. she went back to bed and I played Viral

Inhibitor on the computer in the dining room, her bedroom is 3 rooms

away and the door is closed. She got up at that afternoon and cleaned

the kitchen and washed clothes. we had cut off computer, but at

bedtime she said her face was hurting again. I ran Viral Inhibitor

all night

this morning she is completely well. I am so very excited that my

family has experienced the strength of your frequencies.

I played Viral Hibitor by itself for 6 hrs Saturday at a medium sound.

Last night I played VH alone for 8 hrs at a low volume.

The last time she had this it was over 2 weeks in clearing up and

with antibiotic medicine.

This time all she took was an aspirin.

Now she can go to family Christmas Party.

Don, you are a genius. Keep up the good work.

Mary kate

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/6724

996Viral Inhibitor knocks out Common Cold!

panther_chick8

Oct 22, 2007

Friday I was sneezing a lot and I was hoping I was just alergic to

something in the air. By Saturday, my nose was running, I was blowing

my nose, and I had coughed up some bits of yellow mucus. That's when I

knew I had a cold. I had been taking garlic tablets along with extra

Vitamin C and Zinc and my regular complement of vitamins. Saturday

night, I had a lot of garlic in my soup and I was wondering if any of

Doc's frequencies would help me feel better. Since the cold is caused

by a rhinovirus, I looped "Viral Inhibitor" for 3 hours straight at my

computer while I worked. After 2 1/2 hours I felt like the cold was

gone but I played it for the full 3 hours anyway. I wasn't sure if it

was really knocked out or if I was just temporarily feeling better. It

was gone all day Sunday, and now I am into Monday morning and there is

no sign of a cold. This is remarkable because at any previous time in

my past, if I had gotten to the colored mucus stage, then I was sure to

have a cold lasting 4 days or more. I have never been able to wipe it

out before with garlic or anything else once it got to the colored

mucus stage. By then, I was doomed to let it run its course. The only

other variables were: drinking orange juice, cranberry juice, and 2

NyQuil tabs which put me to sleep for 12 hours Friday night.

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/996

7656Viral Inhibitor results

draiga1

Jan 6, 2009

Two nights ago, I has a scratchy throat which for me, is always a

prelude to a nice bout of the flu. That night, I took some Alka

Seltzer Plus and went to sleep. Of course when I woke up, I had the

scrathy throat again. I've recently had to close my New Age shop, and

just finished moving all the merchandise on January 1st, so although

I normally take vitamin C three times a day, I think my defences were

low. I was both physically and emotionally exhausted.

Anyway, yesterday morning I decided to give the Viral Inhibitor

frenquency a try. I listened to about 45 minutes on my computer, then

burned a copy to take to work with me and play in the car. I deliver

pizzas right now, so didn't know if the frequency would work well or

not in that situation. I basically get to listen for 5 or 10 minutes,

then have to interrupt it to deliver the pizza. When I get back to

the store, I may not go on another delivery for awhile, or may dash

out the door again immediately. It's very sporadic.

I listened for probably 3 hours total, and am happy to report that I

feel fine and the scratchy throat is totally gone.

Thanks Doc!

PS - In regard to the many emails that some people are having

difficulty with. You can always change your settings to read "web

only" if you find the daiy digests are still too much for you. I've

had to do that myself lately. I know I've fallen behind, but I can

always come to the list and read the posts that are important to me

at the time.

~Draiga

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/7656

I know these frequencies work because I had an unbelievable experience with one. I came down with a cold last weekend and was feeling pretty miserable. I was doing my normal routine of ingesting Vitamin C, Zinc and lots of Garlic. But I had already gotten to the colored mucus stage of the cold and those nutrients, while they help, have never been able to completely wipe out a cold once I got to that stage. I sat down at my computer and played Doc's "Viral Inhibiter" frequency for 3 hours straight. After 2 1/2 hours of playing, I felt like the cold was gone but wasn't sure if I was just temporarily feeling better or if it was totally gone. So I played it for an extra half hour. I can say positively the cold really was gone and never returned that weekend. It is almost a week later and I am cold free! ~ Pantherchic

Monday I felt a cold coming, so to save me so time, I made a combo

of the Tea tree-file and the Viral-inhibitor in a sequenserprogram,

by having them in left and right channel, slightly overblending and then

rendered it to a 10meg mp3-file and ran that for roughly an hour.

Seems to have stopped the cold in it´s tracks !

It can be made better, the Viral-inhibitor I used is a low-q, demo-version.

Ok, and btw Doc, this DNA-file sounds interresting !

J_S

https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/2476

………

Here is how you can get discounts on future purchases of frequencies ;

(Allow up to 24 hours after you purchase for the access and download links

to be sent to you)

If you browse out catalog and decide you want to buy three or more tracks at a time,

just list the items out, email them to me and I will send you a custom paypal link

and you will get a minimum of a 20% discount.

Here is the info you asked for ;

FREQUENCY CATALOG VIEWS ; A list of Links that allow you to view our inventory from different orders of priority, see ;

LIST OF NEW FREQUENCY COLLECTIONS KITS
http://www.soundofstars.org/newkits.htm

You can see the majority of our existing inventory quickly as an overview here ;

https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/169693202-library-entire-collection

Also, each individual item, collection can be viewed in more detail here ; (Note this server is in Germany and the page may load slowly, if it does just give it a few minutes or try refreshing ;)

http://starsounds.tradebit.com/files/3-Music

http://starsounds.tradebit.com/files/8-Misc

http://soundofstars.org/webkits.htm

http://www.soundofstars.org/sosfreqkat.htm

http://soundofstars.org/frequencycatalog/frequencycatalog.htm

http://www.soundofstars.org/MINI-KITS.htm#TOP

http://www.soundofstars.org/best.htm

http://www.soundofstars.org/newstuff.htm

http://www.soundofstars.org/DISCLAIMERc.htm

If you are conducting your own experiments, please do share your observations and experiences with us.

A good format to follow when providing feedback and comments from your own daily journal is provided by our member Philran, for examples he has given see the following links ;

http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/sound_of_stars/message/19964

http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/sound_of_stars/msearch?query=philran+frequency+reports&submit=Search&charset=UTF-8

SOUND OF STARS - Unique Frequency Entrainment
Self Improvement for Body, Mind & Emotions

VIDEOS FOR MEMBERS
http://tinyurl.com/9jrz5vc

GENERAL INDEX OF RESOURCES
http://soundofstars.org/startingyourjourney.htm

FREQUENCIES AVAILABLE ;
http://soundofstars.org/frequencycatalog/frequencycatalog.htm

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Video Disclaimer: Thank you for watching our video. Please note that all the information and views provided in this video is not to be construed as advice, and such information constitutes only the opinion of the presenter or individual expressing or communicating the information. We (Sound of Stars Frequencies - Donald Adams ) do not endorse, vouch for or encourage any of the opinions or views of those presenting information in this video, and such views belong only to those making them. Furthermore, we do not endorse or assert the reliability, accuracy, fitness for any purpose or truth of any information, products, services or statements shown in our video, and we expect that you, the viewer, will make a researched, personally informed and independent evaluation as to the truthfulness of any information presented in this video. Do also note that any device described in this video is not a medical device under any circumstances unless explicitly stated. Therefore, any such devices shown in our video are not displayed to cure, treat or remedy any health condition or illness. For any matters related to your health, do ensure that you consult your doctor for proper diagnoses and treatment. Any consumable products displayed in this video are also not regulated or approved by any regulatory agency, and therefore you should fully research the nature and contents of such products, as well as their regulated status in the region you reside, before taking any decision to obtain, use or purchase such products.

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Video Disclaimer Thank you for watching our video. Please note that all the information and views provided in this video is not to be construed as advice, and such information constitutes only the opinion of the presenter or individual expressing or communicating the information. Sound of Stars Frequencies ( Donald Adams ) does not endorse, vouch for or encourage any of the opinions or views of those presenting information in this video, and such views belong only to those making them. Furthermore, we do not endorse or assert the reliability, accuracy, fitness for any purpose or truth of any information, products, services or statements shown in our video, and we expect that you, the viewer, will make a researched, personally informed and independent evaluation as to the truthfulness of any information presented in this video. Do also note that any device described in this video is not a medical device under any circumstances unless explicitly stated. Therefore, any such devices shown in our video are not displayed to cure, treat or remedy any health condition or illness. For any matters related to your health, do ensure that you consult your doctor for proper diagnoses and treatment. Any consumable products displayed in this video are also not regulated or approved by any regulatory agency, and therefore you should fully research the nature and contents of such products, as well as their regulated status in the region you reside, before taking any decision to obtain, use or purchase such products.