MAGNETIC ROPE OBSERVED FOR THE FIRST TIME
BETWEEN SATURN AND THE SUN - 6 July 2016
Thanks
to Mark Mighell
for sharing this with me!
“A twisted magnetic field structure, previously never seen before
at Saturn, has now been
detected
for the first time, using instrumentation built at UCL and Imperial College.”
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/mathematical-physical-sciences/maps-news-publication/saturn-sun-magnetic-rope
When the Sun’s magnetic field
interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field (the magnetosphere), a complex
process occurs called magnetic reconnection which can twist the field into a
helical shape.
These twisted helically structured
magnetic fields are called flux ropes or “flux transfer events” (FTEs) and are
observed at Earth and even more commonly at Mercury. The conditions that allow
FTEs to be generated at a planet worsen with distance from the Sun, however
they have been observed at all the planets out to Jupiter.
The observation of this
phenomenon at Saturn has been elusive. Searches have been undertaken to find an
FTE with NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, with reports published of none being found.
Up until now….
The Cassini spacecraft has been
in orbit around Saturn since 2004, and after many years analyzing the data
collected, Cassini has observed the first FTE at Saturn. The observed magnetic
signature was successfully compared to that of a model to show that Cassini indeed
observed a flux rope at this giant magnetosphere, and that the spacecraft
passed close to the structure’s center. It is also estimated that the flux rope
could be up to 8300 kilometers wide.
"Contrary to previous ideas
about Saturn's magnetosphere being unlike its terrestrial counterpart, these
findings reveal that Saturn at times behaves and interacts with the Sun in much
the same way as Earth." Jamie Jasinski, UCL Space and Climate Physics PhD
graduate now based at the University of Michigan, and lead author of the new
paper published in Geophysical Research Letters.
This not only shows that
magnetic reconnection occurs at Saturn but also that Saturn’s magnetic field
can at times interact with the Sun in much the same way as at Earth.
The analysis was completed
using a particle spectrometer built at UCL and a magnetometer built at Imperial
College, both of which are onboard NASA’s Cassini spacecraft.
The Cassini mission will end in
November 2017, when the spacecraft will be steered into the planet to study it,
before disintegrating in Saturn’s thick atmosphere.
Links
·
Research paper in Geophysical Research Letters
·
UCL Space and Climate Physics
Scientists
'see' flux rope formation for the first time
https://phys.org/news/2013-04-scientists-flux-rope-formation.html
This shows a blended 131 and 171 angstrom view
of flux ropes forming and erupting. Credit: SECCHI Team /NRL/NASA
(Phys.org) —Naval Research Laboratory scientists
have observed, for the very first time, the formation of solar flux ropes,
which are a type of solar magnetic field. Models of flux ropes have been drawn
by theorists in the past, but scientists had never before observed them at the
time they formed. The NRL team made their discovery using high-resolution
images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics
Observatory (SDO) and from the NRL-developed Sun Earth Connection Coronal and
Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) telescopes aboard NASA's Solar Terrestrial
Relations Observatory (STEREO).
These flux ropes have been seen with
coronal mass ejections,
or CMEs, before, but scientists had argued for years about whether the flux ropes
formed before the CME or were formed on-the-fly as the eruption occurred. The
answer will determine whether the dominant mechanism for CMEs is plasma
instability or changes in the magnetic field connectivity via magnetic reconnection,
respectively. The observations made by visiting scientist Dr. Spiro
Patsourakos, and NRL researchers Drs. Angelos Vourlidas and Guillermo Stenborg
clearly reveal that the flux rope forms before the CME occurs. Their results
are published in the Astrophysical
Journal issue of February 20, 2013.
In observations from July 18, 2012, the NRL team
observed a small burst of light off the West limb of the sun. These flares of
light are usually the evidence of an eruption of solar material, in a CME. But
the July 18th burst of light was not a CME. As the scientists continued their
observations, they saw magnetic field lines that twisted and kinked to form
slinky shapes. These magnetic field lines
were filled with a charged gas called plasma, at a temperature of ten million
degrees. Aided by the extreme ultraviolet images from the AIA, the NRL
scientists saw, for the very first time, the formation of the flux rope. On
June 19, they saw another solar flare from
the same region. In these observations, the flux rope's connection to the sun was
severed and the magnetic fields hurled into space forming a fast CME in excess
of 1000 km/sec.
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2013-04-scientists-flux-rope-formation.html#jCp
The ability to observe these flux ropes will allow scientists
to better predict when CMEs might occur. Since CMEs have a major effect on
space weather, being able to predict the CMEs is very important because of
their potential impact on military and civilian space and communication systems.
Read more
at: https://phys.org/news/2013-04-scientists-flux-rope-formation.html#jCp
For decades, scientists have explored the idea of flux ropes.
In the 1970s, plasma physicists proposed that there were coils of magnetic field lines present when solar flares
were birthed. Then in 1995, when NRL's Large Angle and Spectrometric
Coronagraph (LASCO) launched aboard the ESA/NASA Solar Heliospheric Observatory
(SOHO), NRL scientists were able to see the flux ropes inside CMEs in the outer
corona. But it was a challenge to determine where the related flux ropes formed
because they are expected to be small close to the surface of the sun, where
they are difficult to see among all the other structures in the corona.
Read more
at: https://phys.org/news/2013-04-scientists-flux-rope-formation.html#jCp
This shows a high frequency enhanced 131 angstrom view of
flux rope formation. Credit: SECCHI Team /NRL/NASA
"We have stumbled upon the 'Holy Grail' of
solar eruptions.This observation resolves the long-standing uncertainty about
the dominant mechanism behind CMEs. It appears that CMEs are caused by the loss
of equilibrium of a preformed flux rope structure", says Angelos
Vourlidas, one of the co-authors of the paper.
At the time of the July 18 eruption, NASA's SDO
cameras had the perfect angle to look directly down the center of the flux
rope, giving scientists a view of what looked exactly like the slinky drawn by
theorists for decades. In addition, the AIA cameras captured imagery like no
other cameras are able to do with light at the 131 Angstrom wavelength. This
view shows the solar material heated to temperatures of 10,000,000 degrees.
Surprisingly, the flux rope was invisible in images at other wavelengths, used
regularly for Space Weather analysis. Those wavelengths correspond to cooler
(below 2 million degrees) temperatures, however.
Having multiple telescopes aided the researchers
greatly as they looked at the July 18 flux rope. With the STEREO spacecraft
looking at the sun from a different vantage point than SDO, the researchers
were able to unravel the 3-D structure of the flux rope and verify that it was
indeed a kinked slinky.
Armed with the knowledge of the connection
between this one flux rope and CME, the NRL scientists are focusing on images
of the hottest plasmas for other examples of flux ropes, knowing that they can
help them refine their theories and understanding of CMEs.
Explore further: Solar Dynamics
Observatory provides first sightings of how CME forms
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2013-04-scientists-flux-rope-formation.html#jCp
WHATS IN THAT CONNECTION, INFORMATION,
ENERGY?... NEW CONFIGURATIONS FOR EACH PLANET?....
Saturn's Magnetic Environment
Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS)
Karan Molaverdikhani 20 Sep. 2011
Examples:
Inceladus’ water ice jets influencing radio and auroral
activity, and even causes changes in the rotation of the magnetic field itself.
Beams of electrons link Saturn with its moon
Enceladus
http://lasp.colorado.edu/
Beams of electrons link
Saturn with its moon Enceladus
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1104/11042001
20 April 2011
UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Dr Geraint Jones
Professor Andrew Coates
Cassini-Huygens mission
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Data from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft have revealed that Enceladus, one of
Saturn’s diminutive moons, is linked to Saturn by powerful electrical currents
- beams of electrons that flow back and forth between the planet and moon.
Knot in the Ribbon at the Edge of the Solar System 'Unties'
ScienceDaily (Sep. 30, 2010) — The unusual
"knot" in the bright, narrow ribbon of neutral atoms emanating in
from the boundary between our solar system and interstellar space appears to
have "untied," according to a paper published online in the Journal
of Geophysical Research.
Researchers believe the ribbon, first revealed in maps
produced by NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft, forms in
response to interactions between interstellar space and the heliosphere, the
protective bubble in which the Earth and other planets reside. Sensitive
neutral atom detectors aboard IBEX produce global maps of this region every six
months.
Analyses of the first map, released last fall, suggest the ribbon is somehow
ordered by the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field outside the
heliosphere, influencing the structure of the heliosphere more than researchers
had previously believed. The knot feature seen in the northern portion of the
ribbon in the first map stood apart from the rest of the ribbon as the
brightest feature at higher energies.
http://
Visualizing Processes That Lead to “Cracks” in the Earth’s
Cocoon
Code from Berkeley Lab Computer Scientist Paints
Clearest Picture Yet
These images from a 3D global hybrid simulation of
the Earth's magnetosphere show the formation of large-scale magnetic flux
ropes, which are a direct consequence of magnetic reconnection. Interactions of
these flux ropes lead to turbulent mixing of magnetic field and plasma.
(Homa Karimabadi, University of California, San Diego; Burlen Loring, Lawrence
Berkeley National Lab)
Visualizing Processes That Lead to “Cracks”
in the Earth’s Cocoon
Code from Berkeley Lab Computer Scientist
Paints Clearest Picture Yet
The Sun makes all life on Earth possible.
Among its many life-sustaining functions, this star regulates our climate and
provides an unlimited source of energy. The Earth is also electromagnetically
connected to the Sun, and this relationship exposes our planet to violent solar
storms. Unlike Earth, Sun’s atmosphere is not contained but blows across our
solar system, a phenomenon called solar wind, which consists of charged
particles and an embedded magnetic field.
Fortunately, our planet is mostly protected
from these events by a cocoon of magnetic field called the magnetosphere.
Scientists refer to this interaction between solar wind and Earth’s
magnetosphere as “space weather.” The magnetic shielding is not perfect, and
there are processes that lead to “cracks” in the Earth’s magnetosphere. As a
result, during strong storms on the Sun, energetic particles can travel through
the solar wind and seep into the magnetosphere, wreaking havoc on electronics,
power grids and space satellites.
“Observations and simulations show that
magnetic reconnection is the predominant mechanism that fractures Earth’s
protective magnetic shield … if it weren’t for the reconnection process,
Earth’s magnetic field would be able to deflect nearly everything coming from
the Sun,” says Homa Karimabadi, who leads the space physics group at the
University of California, San Diego. “Given the central role of magnetic
reconnection in exposing us to the effects of space weather, we are working on
understanding this process in great detail.”
http://crd.lbl.gov/
APRIL 30, 2012 | Tags: Visualization and
Analytics
Linda Vu, lvu@lbl.gov, +1 510 495 2402
Figure 2. A view of the dayside magnetosphere from the Sun.
A magnetic flux rope, or flux transfer event
(FTE), stretches across the dayside magnetosphere from dawn to dusk. The rope
contains magnetospheric magnetic field lines (red), interplanetary magnetic
field lines (yellow), and lines that pass from the magnetosphere into
interplanetary space (grey). Results are from the University of Michigan's BATS-R-US model with enhanced resolution in the
vicinity of the dayside magnetopause.
2008 THEMIS SCIENCE NUGGETS
http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/
FLUX ROPES AT THE EARTH'S MAGNETOPAUSE
by David G. Sibeck
Introduction
The Earth�s magnetic field carves out a cavity known as
the magnetosphere in the oncoming supersonic solar wind flow (see figure
below). Variations in the solar wind pressure constantly batter the
magnetosphere, driving antisunward-propagating waves on the outer boundary of
the Earth�s magnetic field (�the magnetopause�). Other antisunward-propagating waves are
generated by the motion of the solar wind flow past the magnetopause, just as
waves on a lake are generated by gail force winds.
Laniakea: Our home supercluster
Published on Sep 3, 2014
Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are
the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define
exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins.
Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the
Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the
boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it
Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
https://youtu.be/rENyyRwxpHo
ILWS WORKSHOP 2006, GOA, FEBRUARY 19-24, 2006
On the relationship between interplanetary magnetic field and cosmic ray flux
over Antarctica
R. Selvamurugan
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel (West), Navi Mumbai- 410218, India
D. N. Rao
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, P.Box. No.123, Tirupati- 517502, AP,
India
Abstract.
The total Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) probed by the ACE Satellite
during the years 1997-2004 has been used to investigate the corresponding
changes observed in the cosmic Ray Flux (CRF) during the same period at Mac
Murdo (77.9° S, 166.6° E) in Antarctica. The analysis unambiguously shows that
the CRF is predominantly influenced by the total IMF and occasional
fluctuations of the CRF perhaps are associated with the Galactic cosmic ray
flux changes. However, data on the absolute changes occurring with the Galactic
CRF are not known to exist from any independent measurements outside the
heliosphere. The data from ULYSSES satellite on high energy alpha particles
(Z>=3 and 26-173+ MeV/n) of solar cosmic ray is found to be positively
correlated to the CRF flux measured at ground to a large extent. Further, it is
to be mentioned that the earthbound phenomena at lower atmosphere like cloud
formation, thus, related Climatological effects although seem to have a causal
relationship with the CRF need to be more closely examined since the
penetration of CRF is found to be significantly depend on the total IMF
conditions prevailing just outside our earth at Magnetopause distances.
https://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/ilws_goa2006/356_Selvamurugan.pdf
Reconnecting Magnetic Fields
The huge amounts of energy released from the relinking of magnetic fields in
outer space are both mysterious and potentially destructive
James L. Burch and James F. Drake
http://mms.space.swri.edu/AmSci-Reconnection.pdf
Gravimagnetism Horace Heffner July, 2007
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf
VIRTUAL PARTICLES CARRY NO GRAVITATIONAL CHARGE
Under the straw man hypothesis virtual photons could carry no
gravitational mass charge. There is powerful evidence virtual photons can carry
no mass charge even without the straw man hypothesis. Virtual photons having no
mass charge solves the "infinite mass density of the zero point
field" 7 problem, because virtual photons, having no gravitational mass,
can thus not create any mass density for the field carried. Also convenient,
and in fact required, is that gravitons, under the isomorphism, are then not
required by symmetry to carry Coulomb charge. Since ordinary charged particles
have mass, and thus carry mass charge as well, the isomorphism therefore
requires gravitationally charged particles to carry a corresponding though
small amount of Coulomb charge, to at least weakly couple the gravitational
mass charge to the EM force. Gravitons carrying Coulomb charge would lead yet
again to their inability to escape black holes, because that Coulomb charge
must have an associated gravitational mass. The only logical conclusion, if the
desired isomorphism exists, is that virtual photons have no mass charge, i.e.
exhibit no gravitational mass. Virtual photons have no gravitational mass
because they carry no energy, they are created and abasorbed without energetic
considerations. Similarly then, it is deduced virtual particles carry no mass
charge.
THESE DE L'UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE {
PARIS VI SPECIALITE SCIENCES DES MATERIAUX
presentee par MURAT CUBUKCU
pour l'obtention du titre de
DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE
PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE { PARIS VI
Sujet :
MANIPULATION OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY
IN FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/532842/filename/Thesis.pdf
Soutenue le 25 juin 2010 devant le jury compose de
Mr. JOERG WUNDERLICH { Rapporteur
Mr. JEAN MARIE GEORGE { Rapporteur
Mr. ALBERT FERT { President
Mr. NITIN SAMARTH { Examinateur
Mr. MASSIMILIANO MARANGOLO { Examinateur
Mr. JURGEN von BARDELEBEN { Directeur de these
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris { UMR 7588
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie { Paris VI
Introduction
The subject of my thesis manipulation of magnetic anisotropies in ferromagnetic
thin epitaxial semiconducting layers is situated in the
eld of spintronics. In spintronics it is the spin dependent electronic
transport properties which are used to create new structures and
functionalities. It was
rst exploited in purely metallic materials and was highlighted by the 2007
Nobel prize in Physics awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg. The
interesting challenge is to combine these functions with semiconductor
materials of technological importance such as Si and the III-V compounds.
Materials naturally magnetic and semiconductor in nature, like (EuO, GdN) do
exist but their Curie temperature remains low essentially due to the weak
magnetic coupling of the localized electrons of the magnetic atoms and the
delocalized electrons. They are usually also di
cult to grow and their quality remains far from the semiconductor technology
grade. Their low Curie temperature, large defect concentrations, di
culties of doping, and weak compatibility with existing semiconductor
technology render these materials not well suited for applications up to now.
Milky Way's Magnetic
Fields Mapped with Highest Precision
With a unique new all-sky map, scientists at
MPA have made significant progress toward measuring the magnetic field
structure of the Milky Way in unprecedented detail. Specifically, the map is of
a quantity known as Faraday depth, which among other things, depends strongly
on the magnetic fields along a particular line of sight. To produce
the map, data were combined from more than 41,000 individual measurements using
a novel image reconstruction technique.
The work was a collaboration between
scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), who are
specialists in the new discipline of information field theory, and a large
international team of radio astronomers. The new map not only reveals the
structure of the galactic magnetic field on large scales, but also small-scale
features that provide information about turbulence in the galactic gas.
All galaxies are permeated by magnetic fields,
including our own Milky Way galaxy. Despite intensive research, the origin
of galactic magnetic fields is still unknown. One assumes, however, that they
are built up by dynamo processes in which mechanical energy is converted into
magnetic energy.
Similar processes occur in the interior of the
earth, the Sun, and - in the broadest sense - in the gadgets that power bicycle
lights through peddling. By revealing the magnetic field structure throughout
the Milky Way, the new map provides important insights into the machinery of
galactic dynamos.
One way to measure cosmic magnetic fields,
which has been known for over 150 years, makes use of an effect known as
Faraday rotation. When polarized light passes through a magnetized medium, the
plane of polarization rotates. The amount of rotation depends, among other
things, on the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Therefore,
observing such rotation allows one to investigate the properties of the
intervening magnetic fields.
To measure the magnetic field of our own
galaxy, radio astronomers observe the polarized light from distant radio
sources, which passes through the Milky Way on its way to the Earth. The amount
of rotation due to the Faraday effect can be deduced by measuring the
polarization of the source at several frequencies.
Each such measurement can only provide
information about a single path through the Galaxy. To get a complete picture
of the magnetic fields in the Milky Way from Faraday rotation measurements, one
must observe many sources distributed across the entire sky.
A large international collaboration of radio
astronomers have provided data from 26 different projects to give a
total of 41,330 individual measurements. On average, the complete catalogue
contains approximately one radio source per square degree of sky.
Even with so much data, coverage of the sky is
still rather sparse. There remain large regions, especially in the southern
sky, where so far only relatively few measurements have been made. Therefore,
to obtain a realistic map of the entire sky, one must interpolate between the
existing data points. Here, two difficulties arise.
First, the respective measurement accuracies
vary greatly, and more precise measurements should have a greater influence.
Also, the extent to which a single measurement point can provide reliable
information about its surrounding environment is not known. This information
must therefore be directly inferred from the data itself.
In addition, there is another problem. The
measurement uncertainties are themselves uncertain owing to the highly complex
measurement process. It so happens that the actual
measurement error for a small but significant portion of the data can
be more than ten times as large as those indicated by the astronomers. The
perceived accuracy of these outliers can strongly distort the resulting map if
one does not correct for this effect.
To account for such problems, scientists at
MPA have developed a new algorithm for image reconstruction called the
"extended critical filter". To derive this algorithm, the team makes
use of the tools provided by the new discipline known as information field
theory.
Information field theory incorporates logical
and statistical methods applied to fields, and is a very powerful tool for
dealing with inaccurate information. The approach is quite general and can be
of benefit in a variety of image and signal-processing applications, not only
in astronomy, but also in other fields such as medicine or geography.
In addition to the detailed Faraday depth map
(Fig. 1), the algorithm provides a map of the uncertainties (Fig. 2).
Especially in the galactic disk and in the less well-observed region around the
south celestial pole (bottom right quadrant), the uncertainties are
significantly larger.
To better emphasize the structures in the
galactic magnetic field, in Figure 3 the effect of the galactic disk has been
removed so that weaker features above and below the galactic disk are more
visible.
This reveals not only the conspicuous
horizontal band of the gas disk of our Milky Way in the middle of the picture,
but also that the magnetic field directions seem to be opposite above and below
the disk.
An analogous change of direction also takes
place between the left and right sides of the image, from one side of the
center of the Milky Way to the other.
A particular scenario in galactic dynamo
theory predicts such symmetrical structures, which is supported by the newly
created map. In this scenario, the magnetic fields are predominantly aligned
parallel to the plane of the galactic disk in a circular or spiral
configuration. The direction of the spiral is opposite above and below the
galactic disk (Fig. 3). The observed symmetries in the Faraday map stem from
our position within the galactic disk.
In addition to these large-scale structures,
several smaller structures are apparent as well. These are associated with
turbulent eddies and lumps in the highly dynamic gas of the Milky Way. The new
map making algorithm provides, as a by-product, a characterization of the size
distribution of these turbulent structures, the so-called power spectrum.
Larger structures are more pronounced than
smaller, as is typical for turbulent systems. This spectrum can be
directly compared with computer simulations of the turbulent gas and magnetic
field dynamics in our galaxy, thus allowing for detailed tests of galactic
dynamo models.
The new map is not only interesting for the
study of our galaxy. Future studies of extragalactic magnetic fields will draw
on this map to account for contamination from the Galactic contribution.
The next generation of radio telescopes, such
as LOFAR, eVLA, ASKAP, Meerkat and the SKA, are expected in the coming years
and decades, and with them will come a wealth of new measurements of the
Faraday effect. New data will prompt updates to the image of the Faraday sky.
Perhaps this map will show the way to the hidden origin of galactic magnetic
fields.
Niels Oppermann, Henrik Junklewitz, Georg
Robbers, Mike R. Bell, Torsten A. Enbin, Annalisa Bonafede, Robert Braun,
Jo-Anne C. Brown, Tracy E. Clarke, Ilana J. Feain, Bryan M. Gaensler, Alison
Hammond, Lisa Harvey-Smith, George Heald, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Uli Klein,
Phil P. Kronberg, S. Ann Mao, Naomi M. McClure-Griffiths, Shane P. O'Sullivan,
Luke Pratley, Tim Robishaw, Subhashis Roy, Dominic H.F.M. Schnitzeler, Carlos
Sotomayor-Beltran, Jamie Stevens, Jeroen M. Stil, Caleb Sunstrum, Anant Tanna,
A. Russell Taylor, and Cameron L. Van Eck, "An improved map of the
galactic Faraday sky", 2011, submitted. Niels Oppermann, Georg Robbers,
Torsten A. Enblin, "Reconstructing signals from noisy data with unknown
signal and noise covariances", 2011, Physical Review E 84, 041118. Torsten
A. Enblin, Mona Frommert, Francisco S. Kitaura, "Information field theory
for cosmological perturbation reconstruction and non-linear signal
analysis", 2009, Phys. Rev. D 80, 105005.
The sky map of the Faraday effect caused by the magnetic fields
of the Milky Way. Red and blue colors indicate regions of the sky where the
magnetic field points toward and away from the observer, respectively. The band
of the Milky Way (the plane of the galactic disk) extends horizontally in this
panoramic view. The center of the Milky Way lies in the middle of the image.
The North celestial pole is at the top left and the South Pole is at the bottom
right
We live in an expanding rupture in a Crystal universe of
collapsing quantum fields 
:O
Crystal Universe of Galactic Systems
Frozen Bose-Einstein Condensate
|
Study of the Magnetosphere Jan 22 · Privacy: Public · Get
Notifications Electromagnetic
Pressure shell..............................................................
.Bow Pressure wave......................................................... Resonant
spectrum transfer of information.............................................
Internal Structure. |
Magnetism
– Album Collected by Mark Mighell
Mark Mighell, Antoine Cottebrune Solam and 113 others
Comments
Mark
Mighell Two
properties of the electromagnetic knots
Antonio F. Ra˜nada¤and Jos´e L. Truebay
Departamento de F´ısica Te´orica
Universidad Complutense
28040 Madrid, Spain
Physics Letters A 232, 25-32, 1997
http://www.ucm.es/.../publicaciones/ranada/PLA23297.pdf
Abstract
We prove two properties of the electromagnetic knots in empty
space. First, that any standard radiation fields (i. e. verifying
E ¢ B = 0) coincide locally with an electromagnetic knot. Second, that
the electric and magnetic helicities of any knot are equal. These results
can be used as a basis for a topological model of electromagnetism.
PACS. 11.10, 03.50, 02.40, 41.10
Keywords: electromagnetic field, topological field, knot, helicity,
link.
November
26, 2011 at 6:47amLike
Mark
Mighell On
asymptotic higher analogs of the magnetic
helicity invariant in MHD
Peter M. Akhmet’ev
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1105/1105.5876v2.pdf
Abstract
We investigate a problem by V.I.Arnol’d about higher analog of the
asymptotic Hopf invariant of divergence-free vector fields. A definition
of an asymptotic finite-order invariant for classical links is presented.
Various problems, which are investigated by means of the magnetic
helicity invariant are considered.
November
26, 2011 at 6:52amLike
Mark
Mighell HIGH-DIMENSIONAL
HELICITIES AND
RIGIDITY OF LINKED FOLIATIONS
TRISTAN RIVI`ERE
http://www.intlpress.com/AJM/p/2002/6_3/AJM-6-3-503-534.pdf
Abstract. We give an ergodic interpretation of Hopf-Novikov helicities as
conjectured by
V.I Arnold in [1]. We then extend to higher dimension the topological lower
bounds obtained by
M.Freedman and Z.X. He in [8] for energies of invariant forms of linked
foliations.
November
26, 2011 at 6:55amLike1
Mark
Mighell Research
Statement
Clayton Shonkwiler
http://www.haverford.edu/.../csh.../cv/researchstatement.pdf
1. Introduction
My research is largely focused on the interplay between geometry, topology,
differential
forms, and vector fields. Different approaches to these ideas have led me into
the areas of
differential geometry, inverse problems, knot theory, and contact geometry, but
in each case
my underlying motivation is to understand some manifestation of the connection
between
geometry and topology.
Some of the questions that have guided my work are:
• It is well-known that the cohomology of a manifold is represented by
differential
forms, but how much of the geometry of the manifold do these representatives of
cohomology encode? Can they tell us how “close” the manifold is to being
complete?
• How much of the geometry and topology of a manifold can be recovered from
physically
meaningful boundary data? Can the manifold be completely reconstructed
from this data?
• Very few useful topological invariants of vector fields are known: can we
construct
new ones that provide lower bounds for the field energy?
• How can we detect geometric properties of Legendrian knots?
November
26, 2011 at 6:59amLike1
Mark
Mighell Annales
de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 33 no 1-2, 2008 183
Electromagnetic knots and the magnetic flux in
superconductors
Jos´e L. Trueba
http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-331/aflb331m620.pdf
Area de Electromagnetismo
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
C. del Molino s/n, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
November
26, 2011 at 7:04amLike
Mark
Mighell The
third order helicity of magnetic
elds via link maps.
R. Komendarczyk
y June 8, 2009
http://129.81.170.14/~rako/papers/unlinked-tubes.pdf
Abstract
We introduce an alternative approach to the third order helicity of a volume
preserving vector
eld B, which leads us to a lower bound for the L2-energy of B. The proposed
approach exploits correspondence between the Milnor 123-invariant for
3-component links and the homotopy invariants of maps to con
guration spaces, and we provide a simple geometric proof of this fact in the
case of Borromean links. Based on these connections we develop a formulation
for the third order helicity of B on invariant unlinked domains of B, and
provide Arnold's style ergodic interpretation of this invariant as an average
asymptotic 123-invariant of orbits of B.
http://129.81.170.14/~rako/papers/unlinked-tubes.pdf
November
26, 2011 at 7:28amLike
Mark
Mighell http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/eharnett/
Space Plasma Physics - Planetary Magnetospheres
earthweb.ess.washington.edu
November
27, 2011 at 12:01amLike
Mark
Mighell Espisodic
detachment of Martian crustal
magnetic fields leading to bulk
atmospheric plasma escape
https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/374111.pdf
November
27, 2011 at 12:05amLike
Mark
Mighell Three-dimensional
magnetohydrodynamical simulation of expanding
magnetic flux ropes
http://www.ep5.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/.../PhysPlasmas_15...
L. Arnold,1 J. Dreher,1 R. Grauer,1 H. Soltwisch,2 and H. Stein2
1Theoretische Physik I, Ruhr-Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
2Experimentalphysik V, Ruhr-Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Received 16 August 2007; accepted 11 March 2008; published online 24 April 2008[1]
Three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical simulations of the dynamics of
magnetic flux ropes are presented. The simulations are targeted towards an
experiment previously conducted at California Institute of Technology
P. M. Bellan and J. F. Hansen, Phys. Plasmas 5, 1991 1998[1]
which aimed at
simulating solar prominence eruptions in the laboratory. The plasma dynamics is
described by ideal magnetohydrodynamics using different models for the
evolution of the mass density. The initial current distribution represents the
situation at the plasma creation phase, while it is not increased during the
simulation. Key features of the reported experimental observations like
pinching of the current loop, its expansion and distortion into helical shape
are reproduced in the numerical simulations. Details of the final structure
depend on the choice of a specific model for the mass density. © 2008 American
Institute of Physics.
DOI: 10.1063/1.2903904
November
27, 2011 at 12:09amLike
Mark
Mighell Chapter
6
Source and loss processes
in the magnetotail...See More
November
27, 2011 at 12:18amLike
Mark
Mighell http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/solarmag.html
NASA's
Cosmicopia -- Sun -- Sun's Magnetic Field
Cosmicopia at NASA/GSFC --
Sun -- Sun's Magnetic Field
helios.gsfc.nasa.gov
November
27, 2011 at 12:52amLike1
Mark
Mighell Coronal
mass ejections and magnetic flux buildup in the heliosphere
http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/cism/papers/Owens_Crooker06.pdf
M. J. Owens1 and N. U. Crooker1
Received 31 January 2006; revised 26 April 2006; accepted 25 May 2006;
published 11 October 2006.
[1] To test for magnetic flux buildup in the heliosphere from coronal mass
ejections (CMEs), we simulate heliospheric flux as a constant background open
flux with a time-varying interplanetary CME (ICME) contribution. As flux
carried by ejecta
can only contribute to the heliospheric flux budget while it remains closed,
the ICME flux opening rate is an important factor. Two separate forms for the
ICME flux opening rate are considered: (1) constant and (2) exponentially
decaying with time. Coronagraph observations are used to determine the CME
occurrence rates, while in situ observations are used to estimate the magnetic
flux content of a typical ICME. Both static equilibrium and dynamic
simulations, using the constant and exponential ICME flux opening models,
require flux opening timescales of 50 days in order to match the observed
doubling in the magnetic field intensity at 1 AU over the solar cycle. Such
timescales are equivalent to a change in the ICME closed flux of only 7–12%
between 1 and 5 AU, consistent with CSE signatures; no flux buildup results. The
dynamic simulation yields a solar cycle flux variation with high variability
that matches the overall variability of the observed magnetic field intensity
remarkably well, including the double peak forming the Gnevyshev gap.
December
3, 2011 at 9:23amLike
Mark
Mighell CLUSTER
observations of electrostatic acceleration structures above the polar cap and
implications for their origin in the magnetopause boundary layer
http://ursigass2011.org/abstracts/ursi/H02-10.pdf
Dominique Fontaine and Alexandra Teste LPP, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128
Palaiseau, France, tel: +33 1 69 33 59 09, fax: +33 1 69 33 59 06, e-mail :
ominique.fontaine@lpp.polytechnique.fr
Abstract
During quiet periods of Northward IMF, CLUSTER observed electron acceleration
structures at high altitudes along magnetic field lines connected to the polar
and extended along the magnetopause boundary layers. The electrons are observed
to be successively earthward and outward accelerated, forming current sheets of
opposite polarities. The precipitating electrons are accelerated to
keV-energies in relatively stable and broad structures. The outflowing electron
beams, accelerated to weaker energies (tens of eV), form structures at much
smaller scales. These acceleration structures are suggested to result from
electrostatic structures generated at the
interface between the magnetopause boundary layers and the lobes.
December
3, 2011 at 3:39pmLike
Mark
Mighell ILWS
WORKSHOP 2006, GOA, FEBRUARY 19-24, 2006
On the relationship between interplanetary magnetic field and cosmic ray flux
over Antarctica
http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../ilws.../356_Selvamurugan.pdf
R. Selvamurugan
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel (West), Navi Mumbai- 410218, India
D. N. Rao
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, P.Box. No.123, Tirupati- 517502, AP,
India
Abstract.
The total Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) probed by the ACE Satellite
during the years 1997-2004 has been used to investigate the corresponding
changes observed in the cosmic Ray Flux (CRF) during the same period at Mac
Murdo (77.9° S, 166.6° E) in Antarctica. The analysis unambiguously shows that
the CRF is predominantly influenced by the total IMF and occasional
fluctuations of the CRF perhaps are associated with the Galactic cosmic ray
flux changes. However, data on the absolute changes occurring with the Galactic
CRF are not known to exist from any independent measurements outside the heliosphere.
The data from ULYSSES satellite on high energy alpha particles (Z>=3 and
26-173+ MeV/n) of solar cosmic ray is found to be positively correlated to the
CRF flux measured at ground to a large extent. Further, it is to be mentioned
that the earthbound phenomena at lower atmosphere like cloud formation, thus,
related Climatological effects although seem to have a causal relationship with
the CRF need to be more closely examined since the penetration of CRF is found
to be significantly depend on the total IMF conditions prevailing just outside
our earth at Magnetopause distances.
December
3, 2011 at 6:33pmLike
Mark
Mighell Reconnecting
Magnetic Fields
The huge amounts of energy released from the relinking of magnetic fields in
outer space are both mysterious and potentially destructive
James L. Burch and James F. Drake
http://mms.space.swri.edu/AmSci-Reconnection.pdf
December
3, 2011 at 6:41pmLike
Mark
Mighell Gravimagnetism
Horace Heffner July, 2007
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf
VIRTUAL PARTICLES CARRY NO GRAVITATIONAL CHARGE
Under the straw man hypothesis virtual photons could carry no gravitational
mass charge. There is powerful evidence virtual photons can carry no mass
charge even without the straw man hypothesis. Virtual photons having no mass
charge solves the "infinite mass density of the zero point field" 7
problem, because virtual photons, having no gravitational mass, can thus not
create any mass density for the field carried. Also convenient, and in fact
required, is that gravitons, under the isomorphism, are then not required by
symmetry to carry Coulomb charge. Since ordinary charged particles have mass,
and thus carry mass charge as well, the isomorphism therefore requires
gravitationally charged particles to carry a corresponding though small amount
of Coulomb charge, to at least weakly couple the gravitational mass charge to
the EM force. Gravitons carrying Coulomb charge would lead yet again to their
inability to escape black holes, because that Coulomb charge must have an
associated gravitational mass. The only logical conclusion, if the desired
isomorphism exists, is that virtual photons have no mass charge, i.e. exhibit
no gravitational mass. Virtual photons have no gravitational mass because they
carry no energy, they are created and abasorbed without energetic
considerations. Similarly then, it is deduced virtual particles carry no mass
charge.
December
9, 2011 at 4:46amLike
Mark
Mighell THESE
DE L'UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE { PARIS VI SPECIALITE
SCIENCES DES MATERIAUX
presentee par MURAT CUBUKCU
pour l'obtention du titre de
DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE
PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE { PARIS VI
Sujet :
MANIPULATION OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY
IN FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/.../53/28/42/PDF/Thesis.pdf
Soutenue le 25 juin 2010 devant le jury compose de
Mr. JOERG WUNDERLICH { Rapporteur
Mr. JEAN MARIE GEORGE { Rapporteur
Mr. ALBERT FERT { President
Mr. NITIN SAMARTH { Examinateur
Mr. MASSIMILIANO MARANGOLO { Examinateur
Mr. JURGEN von BARDELEBEN { Directeur de these
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris { UMR 7588
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie { Paris VI
Introduction
The subject of my thesis manipulation of magnetic anisotropies in ferromagnetic
thin epitaxial semiconducting layers is situated in the
eld of spintronics. In spintronics it is the spin dependent electronic
transport properties which are used to create new structures and functionalities.
It was
rst exploited in purely metallic materials and was highlighted by the 2007
Nobel prize in Physics awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg. The
interesting challenge is to combine these functions with semiconductor
materials of technological importance such as Si and the III-V compounds.
Materials naturally magnetic and semiconductor in nature, like (EuO, GdN) do
exist but their Curie temperature remains low essentially due to the weak
magnetic coupling of the localized electrons of the magnetic atoms and the
delocalized electrons. They are usually also di
cult to grow and their quality remains far from the semiconductor technology
grade. Their low Curie temperature, large defect concentrations, di
culties of doping, and weak compatibility with existing semiconductor
technology render these materials not well suited for applications up to now.
December
10, 2011 at 11:18pmLike
Mark
Mighell https://www.facebook.com/mark.mighell?sk=photos...
SPACE
(Space science, Physics And Cosmology Enthusiasts)
Milky
Way's Magnetic Fields Mapped with Highest Precision
With
a unique new all-sky map, scientists at MPA have made significant progress
toward measuring the magnetic field structure of the Milky Way in unprecedented
detail. Specifically, the map is of a quantity known as Faraday depth, which
among other things, depends strongly on the magnetic fields along a particular
...
December
12, 2011 at 12:33amLike
Mayank
Shubham is
there any gama ray brust???????
December
12, 2011 at 6:43amLike
Mark
Mighell Particle
acceleration at relativistic shock waves
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1111/1111.7110v1.pdf
Martin Lemoine1, Guy Pelletier2
1 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014
Paris, France
2 Institut de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS,
Universite Joseph Fourier-II, 34 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble, France
arXiv:1111.7110v1 [astro-ph.HE] 30 Nov 2011
Abstract.
Relativistic sources, e.g. gamma-ray bursts, pulsar wind nebulae and powerful
active galactic nuclei produce relativistic out ows that lead to the formation
of collisionless shock waves, where particle acceleration is thought to take
place. Our understanding of relativistic shock acceleration has improved in the
past decade, thanks to the combination of analytical studies and high level
numerical simulations. In ultra-relativistic shocks, particle acceleration is
made di
cult by the generically transverse magnetic
eld and large advection speed of the shocked plasma. Fast growing
microturbulence is thus needed to make the Fermi process operative. It is
thought, and numerical simulations support that view, that the penetration of
supra-thermal particles in the shock precursor generates a magnetic turbulence
which in turn produces the scattering process needed for particle acceleration
through the Fermi mechanism. Through the comparison of the growth timescale of
the microinstabilities in the shock precursor and the precursor crossing
timescale, it is possible to delimit in terms of magnetization and shock
Lorentz factor the region in which micro-turbulence may be excited, hence
whether and how Fermi acceleration is triggered. These
ndings are summarized here and astrophysical consequences are drawn
December
12, 2011 at 6:57amLike
Mark
Mighell http://youtu.be/kXy5EvYu3fw
Hot Quark
Soup Produced at RHIC
The Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider (RHIC, http://www.bnl.gov/rhic
) is a 2.4-mile-circumference particle accelerator/collider that has been
operating at Bro...
youtube.com
December
14, 2011 at 8:48amLike
Mark
Mighell The
Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo Algorithm
M. A. Clark
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hep-lat/pdf/0610/0610048v1.pdf
(Submitted on 6 Oct 2006)
The past few years have seen considerable progress in algorithmic development
for the generation of gauge fields including the effects of dynamical fermions.
The Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo (RHMC) algorithm, where Hybrid Monte Carlo is performed
using a rational approximation in place the usual inverse quark matrix kernel
is one of these developments. This algorithm has been found to be extremely
beneficial in many areas of lattice QCD (chiral fermions, finite temperature,
Wilson fermions etc.). We review the algorithm and some of these benefits, and
we compare against other recent algorithm developements. We conclude with an
update of the Berlin wall plot comparing costs of all popular fermion
formulations.
December
14, 2011 at 8:54pmLike
Mark
Mighell Proton-Air
inelastic cross section measurement with ARGO-YBJ
Ivan De Mitri University of Salento and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Lecce, Italy...See More
December
14, 2011 at 10:24pmLike
Mark
Mighell Electromagnetic
Processes at the LHC:
Nuclear Parton Distributions from Deep Inelastic Pair Production and Exclusive
Photoproduction of Single W Bosons
http://edoc.unibas.ch/831/1/DissB_8010.pdf
Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der W¨urde eines Doktors der Philosophie
vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at
der Universit¨at Basel von Ute Dreyer aus Deutschland
Abstract
Ultra-peripheral collisions at ion colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) at CERN, offer the possibility to study electromagnetic processes at
hitherto unexplored energies. In the framework of the equivalent photon
approximation (EPA), where relativistic charged particles are treated as beams
of equivalent photons, the collisions of ions can be used to study two-photon
(collisions) or photonuclear processes (p and A collisions). This thesis
contains two studies of processes which might be observed at the LHC. The main
purpose in these studies is the estimation of the total rates of these
processes at LHC energies and the investigation of their event signature, in
order to find out whether an observation of these processes is feasible and
what can be learnt from them.See Translation
December
14, 2011 at 10:28pmLike
Mark
Mighell Measuring
the Inelastic and Total Cross-Sections for p-Air and p-p Collisions at s1/2 ~
44 TeV Using HiRes Stereo Data
Tyler Poniatowski
http://www.nevis.columbia.edu/reu/2003/hirespaper2003.pdf
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
Abstract
We make a measurement of p-Air and p-p cross-sections using MC data to provide
necessary parameters and then applying parameters to real HiRes data. Findings
are given in context of results from previous research and our values are found
to be consistent with both theory and previous measurements. Includes a brief
introduction to astro-particle physics and the HiRes project.
December
15, 2011 at 5:29amLike
Mark
Mighell Magnetic
helicity fluxes in αΩ dynamos
http://www.nordita.org/.../proceedings/helFluxShear10.pdf
Simon Candelaresi and Axel Brandenburg
NORDITA, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract. In turbulent dynamos the production of large-scale magnetic fields is
accompanied by a separation of magnetic helicity in scale. The large- and
small-scale parts increase in magnitude. The small-scale part can eventually
work against the dynamo and quench it, especially at high magnetic Reynolds
numbers. A one-dimensional mean-field model of a dynamo is presented where
diffusive magnetic helicity fluxes within the domain are important. It turns
out that this effect helps to alleviate the quenching. Here we show that
internal magnetic helicity fluxes, even within one hemisphere, can be important
for alleviating catastrophic quenching.
December
16, 2011 at 6:12amLike
Mark
Mighell Electronic
Journal of Theoretical Physics
Open access journal for theoretical physics
http://www.ejtp.com/latest.html
Electronic
Journal of Theoretical Physics
A brief survey of the
author's works on the fundamental conceptual ideas of quantum statistical
physics developed by N. N. Bogoliubov and his school was given. The development
and applications of the method of quasiaverages to…
ejtp.com
December
17, 2011 at 12:57amLike
Mark
Mighell Physics
Documents
http://www.av8n.com/physics/
John Denker
av8n.com
December
17, 2011 at 2:36amLike2
Mark
Mighell http://www.simplegravity.com/
What
causes gravity - dark energy, the new aether
The cause of gravity remains
illusive despite exhaustive mental effort applied to the subject. This is an
intuitive contribution to the theory of gravity
simplegravity.com
December
29, 2011 at 10:25amLike1
Mark
Mighell A
review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth-orbiting spacecraft
D.F. Smart *, M.A. Shea
http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/.../docs/Smart_06.pdf
Air Force Research Laboratory VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road,
Bedford, MA 01731, USA
Received 2 December 2002; received in revised form 15 August 2004; accepted 1
September 2004
Abstract
Geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are a quantitative measure of the shielding
provided by the earths magnetic field. More precisely, geomagnetic cutoff
rigidities predict the energetic charged particle transmission through the
magnetosphere to a specific location as a function of direction. The generally
accepted manner for determining cutoff rigidities is by the method of tracing particle
trajectories in model magnetospheres. However, the trajectory-tracing process
is so computer intensive that in the interest of economy, many approximations
are still utilized. The use of modifications of the Sto¨rmer equation (with an
appropriate magnetic coordinate system) is sufficient for many applications.
However, for precise experimental measurements, cutoff rigidities determined by
the trajectorytracing method must be utilized.
Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
January
4, 2012 at 10:23amLike
Mark
Mighell http://jupiterscientific.org/sciinfo/boseeinstein.html
Information on Bose-Einstein
Condensates
jupiterscientific.org
January
6, 2012 at 4:25amLike2
Mark
Mighell http://youtu.be/j7yB6qRbXUc
Earth's
magnetic field - 12/2010
Computeur simulation of the
earth's magnetic field for the 15, 16 and 17 november 2010. The visualization
shows many magnetic field surfaces, each of them ar...
youtube.com
January
7, 2012 at 7:38amLike1
Mark
Mighell Gravitational
radiation. sep 2009, 35.6MB pdf
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/.../Kip-GravRadNewWindow89.pdf
January
31, 2012 at 5:51pmLike
Mark
Mighell http://youtu.be/qHrBhgwq__Q
Science off
the Sphere: Knitting Needle Experiment
Expedition 30 astronaut Don
Pettit uses knitting needles and water droplets to demonstrate physics in space
through 'Science off the Sphere.' This is part of...
youtube.com
February
6, 2012 at 9:21pmLike1
Mark
Mighell http://irfu.cea.fr/.../Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast.php...
The Astrophysical Division
is a department of the Research Institue of the Universe Fundamental Laws
(IRFU).
irfu.cea.fr
February
8, 2012 at 2:47amLike
Mark
Mighell http://c2h2.ifa.hawaii.edu/Pages/research_prop.php
Once a CME is initiated and
ejected into space, it is crucial to understand how the CME evolves as it
travels towards Earth. A key factor affecting CME evolution is the way in which
it interacts with the solar wind and interplanetary…
c2h2.ifa.hawaii.edu
February
10, 2012 at 2:41amLike2
February
11, 2012 at 1:48amLike1
Mark
Mighell https://www.facebook.com/media/set/...
MOTA.(c) (22 photos)
Hercolubus
Visual 2
MOTA Mark I
Click to Drive
MOTA (c) Dynamics
https://www.facebook.com/MotaDynamics
Mark
Mighell added 93 new photos from
February 20, 2012 to the album: MOTA.(c)
— with Andres Nicolas Akeva Davila and 7 others.
Magnetic
Oscillation Transfer of Atmosphere. Asteroid Harvesting(mining)
Elias
Fazel shared
to www.facebook.com/physicsism
Mark
Mighell http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2000/AnnaWoo.shtml
Magnetic
Field of the Strongest Magnet
A magnet is a metallic
object capable of attracting iron and certain other metals and alloys. Around
every magnet there is a region in which the force of the magnet
exists. The region is called the magnetic field. The international unit
of the magnetic field is the tesla (T). The strongest lab...
hypertextbook.com
Mark
Mighell http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/.../more.../Maxwell_Eq.html
Maxwell's
Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell’s four equations
describe the electric and magnetic fields arising from varying distributions of
electric charges and currents, and how those fields change in time. The
equations were the mathematical distillation of decades of…
galileo.phys.virginia.edu
Isabel
Mendiola AWESOME!
Mark
Mighell http://www.lightandmatter.com/html.../0sn/ch11/ch11.html...
You are viewing the html
version of Simple Nature, by Benjamin Crowell. This version is only designed
for casual browsing, and may have some formatting problems. For serious
reading, you want the Adobe Acrobat version.
lightandmatter.com
Mark
Mighell http://science.nasa.gov/.../science-at-nasa/2008/30oct_ftes/
Magnetic
Portals Connect Earth to the Sun - NASA Science
Researchers have discovered
'magnetic portals' forming high above Earth that can briefly connect our planet
to the Sun. Not only are the portals common, one space physicist contends they
form twice as often as anyone had previously…
science.nasa.gov
Mark
Mighell http://www.lsst.org/lsst/science
Space-time Warp The detailed
mass distribution in the cluster CL0024 is shown, with gravitationally
distorted graph paper overlaid. This detailed dark matter distribution can be
used to constrain theories of dark matter. Observed strong lensing…
lsst.org
Mark
Mighell here
is the detail, that explains, why LAIC and Solar CMEs can even affect the decay
rate in nuclear power plants up to the point, that you can't even shut them
down, as happened in Fukushima ...
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/.../nuclear/nmr.html...
When the nuclear magnetic
moment associated with a nuclear spin is placed in an external magnetic field,
the different spin states are given different magnetic potential energies. In
the presence of the static magnetic field which produces…
hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Sheila
Whitaker All
pics should be of this caliber.......the lines are thinner, hence, a more
accurate display of energy! Awesome pic
Joan
Mclatchey What
an album! 
<3
Mark
Mighell http://physicslearning.colorado.edu/ldl/area5
Lecture
Demonstration Laboratory
physicslearning.colorado.edu
September
9, 2012 at 7:36amLike
Mark
Mighell http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~glatz/geodynamo.html
These observations argue for
a mechanism within the Earth's interior that continually generates the
geomagnetic field. It has long been speculated that this mechanism is a
convective dynamo operating in the Earth's fluid outer core, which surrounds
its solid inner core, both being mainly composed of...
es.ucsc.edu
September
17, 2012 at 5:36amLike2
Elizabeth
Maas During
a pole reversal, would the changing, misaligned magnetic and electric fluxes
within the earth change the rate of heat radiation of the earth? For instance,
the earth's surface warms when the magnet poles become disoriented sing the
non-coherence of the poles mixes the earth's core in a more random fashion.
October
10, 2012 at 12:49pmLike
Mark
Mighell That
is a little hard to answer that question. I would think there be an increase in
heat dissipation due to core activity, but how long for the energy to reach the
surface ?
October
10, 2012 at 6:54pmLike1
Mark
Mighell http://youtu.be/izlqoHYZWqg
Measuring
earth's vital magnetic field
http://www.euronews.com/
Earth's magnetosphere is an invisible shield, protecting our planet from
harmful solar radiation. Many living organisms - from bacte...
youtube.com
October
25, 2012 at 3:10amLike4
Torsten
P. Kersten at
the moment we have delays of 6 hours up to 48 hours in phases of induction on
the earth magnetic field until a significant tectonic reaction. since the
fastest reversal was the one 41.000 years ago and it took 'only' 250 years, one
can follow up the historic scenario. But I am afraid that still the ice sheets
were rather different than today .... which makes a difference, even for
surface tectonics. Further we can observe the pole-offdrift accelerating and we
witness quite unusual volcanism. It's not the single event yet, it's the number
of awakening volcanoes which have been dormant. See last 10 years. So, I don't
know yet wheter a basalt flood eruption has been recorded for the period, that
GFZ reported recently about, but event his should be easy to check out.
If so, it would tell about a heat rise, possibly in context of a bolide impact
(see antipode focussing, Mark Boslough). I have found enough credible evidence
to state, that an impact in these phases of 'limited' electromagnetic shielding
is more than 'likely' ...
At the moment the field strength is degressing by 10 % per year ....
October
25, 2012 at 3:53amLike2
Mark
Mighell https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151814286041473&set=a.196373416472.123673.647731472&type=1&theater
QUANTUM MECHANICS
THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING MAGNETISM
Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1977
J.H. VAN VLECK
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
... See More
August
17, 2013 at 7:53pmLike1
Mark
Mighell http://youtu.be/62dez4tD5Ok
November
5, 2013 at 12:15pmEditedLike5
Mark
Mighell http://www.sciencealert.com.au/features/20141609-26186.html
WATCH:
Magnetism only exists because of quantum mechanics (Science Alert)
Think you understand
magnets? Scientists have realised over the past century that, despite what we
thought we knew, magnetism is nothing but quantu
sciencealert.com.au
September
17, 2014 at 2:50amLike3
François
Bouquin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO0r930Sn_8
Richard Phillips Feynman was
an American physicist known for the path integral formulation of quantum
mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and th...
youtube.com
September
17, 2014 at 3:09amLike4
Mark
Mighell http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/.../March01/Battaner/node48.html
Large
scale structure and magnetic fields
Large scale structure and
magnetic fields
ned.ipac.caltech.edu
November
23, 2014 at 2:01amLike2
Vince
Harden Love
it
November
23, 2014 at 9:22amLike
Mark
Mighell https://www.sciencenews.org/.../electrons-magnetic...
Electrons'
magnetic interactions measured
Using characteristics of
quantum mechanics, the minuscule magnetic interaction between two electrons has
been measured.
sciencenews.org
February
25, 2015 at 10:41pmLike
Mark
Mighell http://phys.org/.../2015-06-magnetic-field-discovery...
Magnetic
field discovery gives clues to galaxy-formation processes
Astronomers making a
detailed, multi-telescope study of a nearby galaxy have discovered a magnetic
field coiled around the galaxy's main spiral arm. The discovery, they said,
helps explain how galactic spiral arms are formed. The same…
phys.org
Ulla
Mattfolk A
magnetic field without an electric dito has occupied my mind in some years....
SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS : HOW AWARE YOU REALLY ARE OF YOUR SITUATION
“There’s a scene at the beginning of The Bourne Identity
where the film’s protagonist
is sitting in a
diner, trying to figure out who he is and why he has a bunch of passports
and a gun stashed in
a safety deposit box. Bourne also notices that he, well, notices
things
that other people don’t.”
………………………………………………………
·
What to do, when,
where and under what pressures ; short and long term.
·
Who you really are
consciously, subconsciously - how you will tend to
react
and respond under positive and challenging pressures at varying
points
of time.
“That superhuman ability to observe his surroundings
and make detailed
assessments about his environment? It’s not just a
trait of top secret operatives;
it’s a skill known as
situational awareness, and you can possess it too.
As the names implies,
situational awareness is simply knowing
what’s going on
around
you. It sounds easy in principle, but in reality requires much practice. And
while
it is taught to
soldiers, law enforcement officers, and yes, government-trained assassins,
it’s an important
skill for civilians to learn as well. In
a dangerous situation, being aware
of a
threat even seconds before everyone else can keep you and your loved ones
safe.”
“But it’s also a skill that
can and should be developed for reasons outside of personal
defense and safety. Situational awareness is really just
another word for mindfulness,
and
developing mine has made me more cognizant of what’s going on around me
and more present
in my daily activities, which in turn has helped me make better
decisions
in all aspects of my life.”
……………………………………
Once you understand how important the following knowledge is in relation to
your birth
information you can
start to benefit from ;
Spatial * Environmental Awareness: Geo-Locational
Influences
Self ( Identity ) Awareness: Personal
Constitution
Partner ( Your Other - Significant or otherwise ) Energetic Dynamics with Others
Pleasure-Pain : Reward-Hazard Pressures
you are under currently and coming up soon
in the future tending
to affect you in specific ways you are unconsciously biased towards.
In other words you
may crack under certain blends of pressures applied to your unique
psyches constitution and life circumstance - that you might not otherwise had
you
understood yourself
better, your inherent strengths, challenges, blind spots and related.
Timing
– Temporal Influences
You can know in advance how you may most likely impulsively react to specific
pressures
both in positive,
constructive ways and in challenging ones. Knowing in advance the nature
of incoming
experiential influences and your probably unconscious reactions - you can plan
and take action
before hand. Efforts can be taken in the "now" to ensure your
greatest
success and you can
mitigate negative impulses prior to their development.
You can literally "lock" into a very real continuum of inner
orientation interfacing
your external reality.
You don’t know often enough where the best place to go is and when, for what
you really
need or want.
Geo-Locational
Influences
Geographical location
may affect you and where you live can affect every aspect of your
life: emotionally,
mentally, physically. Critical areas of your life such as relationships,
career, even
financial success can likewise be affected.
You can find out the
best physical locations to find fulfillment in your love life, career,
friendships,
educational opportunities, actualization and even expressing your personal
creativity.
WHAT
HAPPENS TO YOU WHEN YOU DO NOT HAVE THIS INFORMATION
AND
YOUR JUST “FLYING BLINDLY” ?
You lack critical insights into unseen forces affect you consciously,
unconsciously and on
all levels of your experience including mental, emotional, physical, etc ....
Adaptation and adjustment to your current environment and circumstance is
impaired
- What "should be" and "shouldn't be" occurring for you in
your life is unclear
- dis-orientation & uncertainty in lifes moment by various duration
- Your point (frame) of reference is distorted, missing vital parts, or even
missing
- Objective comparative analysis of relationships is unavailable and the
optimal improvement
of relating between your self and another is disabled.
You lose and then lack your point of perspective in time and space, in short
you lack
temporal-spatial
awareness of yourself in relation to your surroundings and circumstance.
This means living
life in a certain experiential distortion, comparable to the story of
"Platos Cave".
This means having an excruciatingly harder time of finding in life the right
"place" - space to fit in
happily. To
feel the positive qualities of being loved, safe, content, satisfied,
appreciated,
stimulated,
fulfilled, even actualized. Even limited reasonable partial varieties of
these is often
preferred over what
many often find. The majority of people often do not end up in places or
circumstances they desired
and if you asked them, they'd tell you this was a common thread
through out their
lives.
……………….
NOW YOU CAN KNOW, IN ADVANCE ;
When will you be in your peak state for
§
The time of day
§
The days of the month
§
Which days over many months?
You will also be able to tell in advance, when your
luck is off, when
You should rest, withdraw, take it easy.
Check out the below examples of the kinds of data we
can render for you…..
EXAMPLE OF A “DAILY SCAN”
Note there are three components to the first graph
The top horizontal line shows your personal energy
state.
The middle horizontal line shows the energy trend for
the state of
the ‘collective’, or humanity in general.
The bottom thick horizontal line shows the combined
energy band
of you and the collective.
In the chart above ;
Red reflects ‘challenges’, restrictions, essentially
gravitational resistance
to peak state.
Green indicates peak state potential, the higher and
wider the green
vertical bands are the stronger and longer lasting the
peak state is
and the more probable the state is to occur.
Note on the right hand side, specific times – to the
minute and hour –
for the duration of the influence is given.
This is an incredibly powerful tool as you can literally
scan any day
In the future in advance and know when to make
important decisions,
take critical actions and when not to.
…..
Example of the calendar based chart ;
EXAMPLES OF LONG RANGE SCAN CHARTS OVER TIME;
MORE EXAMPLES OF JUST SOME OF THE
SPECIFIC
‘PEAK STATE” TYPE SCANS AVAILABLE ;
…………………………..
EFFECTS OF LUNAR
CYCLE ON BEHAVIOUR & VITALITY
AN EXAMPLE OF DANGER TIME TABLES
FOR DECEMBER LISTED
BELOW ;
CRITICAL TIME WINDOWS IN
PROXIMITY TO EVENT DATES ARE SHOWN ;
DECEMBER ; 17, 19, 21, 23, 31
For pinpointed times Of incidents
reference the date and hour, minute block listed.
=====================
DANGER TIMES ARE INDICATED BY ;
DATE, TIME ; HOUR BLOCK & EXACT
MINUTE & COLOUR CODES
COLOUR
CODE LEGEND ;
ORANGE = MID RANGE ALERT, ABOVE AVERAGE CHANCE OF
INCIDENT
PERCENTILE RANGE = 65 to 70 % CHANCE OF INCIDENT
PINK = HIGH
ALERT
PERCENTILE RANGE = 75 to 80 % CHANCE OF
INCIDENT
RED = EXTREME ALERT
PERCENTILE RANGE = 80 to 100 % CHANCE OF
INCIDENT
TIME RANGES ARE ACCURATE TO WITHIN 4 TO
12 MINUTES OF SPECIFIED TIMES
=====
ATTRIBUTES,
QUALITIES, CHARACTERISTICS OF
NEGATIVE ENERGY
WINDOWS INCLUDE ;
·
Increase of violent
domestic events
·
Increase of injury
and accidents
·
Increase of criminal
activity such as ;
o
Theft
o
Assault
o
Rape
o
Break & entry
o
Homicide
·
Increase of
intoxication via alcohol, drugs, general substance abuse
·
Increase of public
disturbances, rowdy crowds, fights, protests
·
Increase in agitated
behavior, mood swings, verbal & physical aggression, abuse
·
Marked Increase in
chaotic group events causing distress to general public
DECREASE IN ;
·
Cognitive Abilities
·
Mental Alertness
·
Physical Agility,
Health, Wellness
·
Coherent, appropriate
decision making
TIME TABLES LISTED
BELOW ;
HOW DOES IT WORK?
The
times listed correlate to fluctuations in gravity which affects group and
individual
Biological
functions, especially those functions that are governed by periodic, systemic
Changes,
such as the cycling of cerebro-spinal fluid – pressure density and flow rate
Of
the fluid up and down the spine and brain can cause dramatic change in
behavior,
Warping
impulse control and biasing actions from an unconscious “reptile brain” state.
……………………………………………………………………
READ AND
AGREE TO OUR DISCLAIMER PRIOR TO USE AND PURCHASE :
MORE INFORMATION ON ;
FREQUENCY PROFILES OF THE DESIRED TARGET
ARE DEVELOPED ;
.
HOW ARE OUR FREQUENCIES RELATED TO
CONSCIOUSNESS,
http://www.scienceofpeople.com/2014/01/emotion-maps-emotions-change-body/
Smiling grass. This is a cross section
of a single blade of grass, stained for the microscope.
The smiley faces are the channels that
the water is drawn up through. Taken at the EM lab.
Holographic blood -
Dr. Harvey Bigelsen
The crystallized holograms tracked by
Dr. Bigelsen are definitely in the blood.
He and his colleagues have seen them
hundreds of times, and the messages they
seem to convey have been proven by
confirmed diagnoses. But how can they be explained?
German mystic Rudolf Steiner called them
'etheric crystallizations.' Crystals will grow in
a certain pattern, like a snowflake. The
more esoteric aspects of this phenomenon, along
with the practical knowledge required to
diagnose and treat from live blood, are the subject
of a Dr. Bigelsen's latest book,
Holographic Blood.
In 1986, the Hans Nieper Foundation
awarded Harvey Bigelsen the Person of the Year,
recognizing his work as the most
influential for the advancement of natural medicine in the
U.S.
Harvey Bigelsen has appeared as a guest on numerous health-focused radio
programs
and is the author of four books. He
continues to lead the forefront of a much needed medical
revolution, focusing his work on
terrain-based philosophy and European biological medicine
as he works primarily with people
suffering from chronic disease, and those interested in
anti-aging and regeneration. At the core
of his medical philosophy is the conviction that germs
do not cause disease. Counter to
conventional medicine and Big Pharma, which promote
treatments that merely attack and kill
germs, Harvey Bigelsen believes that germs are not harmful,
and actually live in a symbiotic
relationship with the entire body. He treats the patient’s
physical body in order to get it working
at its highest performance, and has achieved
high success rates through a combination
of structural therapies, cranial-sacral adjustments,
neural therapy, isopathic remedies, and
European cell therapy.
http://www.bigelsen.com/DrBigelsen/Philosophy.html
therapy, isopathic remedies, and
European cell therapy.
Bigelsons
Biograms ; The blood is as unique as a fingerprint. In conventional medical laboratories, using standard bright field microscopy,
the blood is viewed after staining. Staining permanently fixes the blood but
kills the cells. With darkfield microscopy, blood removed from the body can be
clearly seen while it is still alive. The patterns seen in living blood are
remarkable, varying not only from patient to patient but from moment to moment
in a single patient in ways that reflect changing physical and emotional
states.
When Harvey Bigelsen, M.D., first saw crystallized images of diseased organs in
the blood, he thought he was just imagining them, the way children see animal
forms in clouds. But he kept observing correlations between the images and the
patient's disease. He decided to take pictures and keep notes. The result was a
substantial body of hard evidence demonstrating what alternative healers using
muscle testing, electrodermal screening, and "psychic" diagnosis have
been claiming for years but could not prove because their techniques were
operator-dependent -- that disease patterns can be diagnosed from the energy fields
of the body.
The "holograms" of diseased organs, along with the red cells, white
cells, plasma, etc., make up a unique blood pattern characteristic of the
patient and his condition. This composite blood print Dr. Bigelsen calls a
"biogram." Besides the holographic crystal patterns, features
relevant to diagnosing the condition of the patient include the thickness and
activity of the plasma, whether and to what extent the white cells are moving,
and whether the blood appears "dirty," "clean,"
"alive," "tired," etc. In clean blood, the cells are round,
clear, and neatly separated, and the plasma is not cluttered with debris. Other
factors are the shape of the cells and whether they are hollow or clumped
together. Blood cells that are "sticky" and deformed are a dangerous
sign. Heart attacks and strokes can result from clots or blockages of clumped
and deformed blood that restrict blood flow.
The crystallized holograms tracked by Dr. Bigelsen are definitely in the blood.
He and his colleagues have seen them hundreds of times, and the messages they
seem to convey have been proven by confirmed diagnoses. But how can they be
explained? German mystic Rudolf Steiner called them "etheric
crystallizations." Crystals will grow in a certain pattern, like a
snowflake. The more esoteric aspects of this phenomenon, along with the
practical knowledge required to diagnose and treat from live blood, are the
subject of a forthcoming book by Dr. Bigelsen and Ellen Brown tentatively
titled The Living Blood: Biograms of Disease.
About the Author
Ellen Brown is an attorney and has authored six books and numerous articles in
the field of alternative health care.
Remote Biodynamic Sensing and the
"Biogram"
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/esp_ciencia_projectlucas4.htm
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_ciencia_projectlucas.htm#contents
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/esp_ciencia_projectlucas3.htm
http://research.borderlands.com/wiki/Category:Plant_Research
Detecting Biodynamic Signals:
Interstellar Communication
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/esp_ciencia_projectlucas5.htm
VISUALS PRODUCED BY
FREQUENCIES
http://www.soundofstars.org/visuals.htm
EXPLORATIONS IN
CONSCIOUSNESS
http://www.soundofstars.org/explorations.htm
NATURE OF TIME
http://www.soundofstars.org/time.htm
|
NEW FREQUENCIES, NEWS, UPDATES ; |
Plants communicate with one another
through ‘nanomechanical vibrations’
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/05/08/scientists-plants-communicate-with-one-another-through-microscopic-sound-waves/
Various Links that may be of interest
related to this ;
.............
Michael Persinger on No More Secrets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l6VPpDublg
http://www.whale.to/b/callahan_h.html
http://www.whale.to/b/callahan.html
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_fuerzasuniverso07.htm
.........................
PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESONANCE ;
"The astrophysical parameters of a planet are, in part, that which
create its astrological characteristic (psychophysiological resonance).
The fundamental frequencies of a planet are derived from the planet's
astrophysical parameters such as diameter, circumference, rotational
velocity, orbital period, etc. These frequencies generally have very long
wavelengths, thus they lie in the very low frequency (ELF) and ultra-low
frequency (ULF) range. Planetary harmonics govern natural long-term
biological growth patterns, monthly and yearly biological processes,
and daily brain and psycho-physiological function."
..........................
"Brainwaves and audio frequencies are measured in frequency were as
light is measured by its wavelength (the inverse of frequency): the higher a
frequency the shorter its wavelength. "
http://breakfornews.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=53563
..............
Its like Gurdjieff
said, 'subjective' music cant achieve these sorts of
things, but 'objective' music can...
…………………..
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