Lymes, Multiple Sclerosis and Crystalline Brucella
REFERENCE ARCHIVE
Numerous article snippets, links on causes, treatment
protocols, etc... scroll down ;
Numerous
article snippets, links on causes, treatment protocols, etc... see link below . Note, while
we have had a number of individuals from various
online
groups dealing with Lymes and related, report that
some of our frequencies have been helpful to them, in some cases remarkably
so.... those
frequency
tracks are, like most of our tracks, STILL in the experimental and testing
stage so we can't make
any claims about their efficacy for Lymes.
We need
more data to continue to evaluate this.
We welcome input from users who are conducting their own
experiments. We also can point you
towards
medical doctors from various countries who appear to be making head way against
these illnesses and who are sharing their protocol
recommendations!
Crystalline Brucella and Multiple Sclerosis
There is now a
simple blood test for Mycoplasma
If you have any of the autoimmune like diseases that seem intractable to
solution please get the test for mycoplasma.
TESTING FOR MYCOPLASMA IN YOUR BODY
http://www.whale.to/m/scott7.html
Sources of Neuroprotective Compounds - Wellness
Pathways ...
http://www.wellnesspathways.com/handouts/patient_handouts.pdf
Continuation of Mycoplasma Protection and Treatment Protocol
https://web.archive.org/web/20160306211815/http://healthyprotocols.com/3_mycoplasma_1.htm
Mycoplasma Protection and Treatment Protocol
https://web.archive.org/web/20160313112810/http://healthyprotocols.com/2_mycoplasma.htm
Lyme Disease Protocol
https://web.archive.org/web/20211223004244/http://healthyprotocols.com/2_Lyme.htm
Curing Lyme with Samento
http://www.cancertruth.info/newsletter_2010dec.html/
http://www.newswithviews.com/Howenstine/james26.htm
In 1998 in
Rochester, New York, I met a former military man, PFC Donald Bentley, who gave
me a document and told me: "I was in the US Army, and I was trained in
bacteriological warfare. We were handling a bomb filled with brucellosis, only
it wasn't brucellosis; it was a Brucella toxin in crystalline form. We were
spraying it on the Chinese and North Koreans."
He showed me his
certificate listing his training in chemical, biological and radiological
warfare. Then he showed me 16 pages of documents given to him by the US
military when he was discharged from the service. They linked brucellosis with
multiple sclerosis, and stated in one section:
"Veterans with multiple sclerosis, a kind of creeping paralysis developing
to a degree of 10% or more disability within two years after separation from
active service, may be presumed to be service-connected for disability
compensation. Compensation is payable to eligible veterans whose disabilities
are due to service." In other words: "If you become ill with multiple
sclerosis, it is because you were handling this Brucella, and we will give you
a pension. Don't go raising any fuss about it."
In these documents, the government of the United States revealed evidence of
the cause of multiple sclerosis, but they didn't make it known to the
public--or to your doctor.
In a 1949 report,
Drs Kyger and Haden suggested "the possibility
that multiple sclerosis might be a central nervous system manifestation of
chronic brucellosis". Testing approximately 113 MS patients, they found
that almost 95% also tested positive for Brucella.5 We have a document from a
medical journal, which concludes that one out of 500 people who had brucellosis
would develop what they call neurobrucellosis; in
other words, brucellosis in the brain, where the Brucella settles in the
lateral ventricles--where the disease multiple sclerosis is basically located.6
http://rense.com/general18/mcc.htm
THE LINKING PATHOGEN IN NEURO-SYSTEMIC DISEASES:
CHRONIC FATIGUE, ALZHEIMER'S, PARKINSON'S & MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
by: Scott, Donald
W., M.Sc.
Donald Scott is a
retired high school teacher and university professor who is currently president
of the Common Cause Medical Research Foundation and adjunct professor of the Institute of Molecular Medicine. He has extensively
researched neurosystemic degenerative diseases over
the past five years and has authored many documents on the relationship between
degenerative diseases and a pathogenic mycoplasma called Mycoplasma fermentans. His research is based upon solid government
evidence. Donald Scott is a veteran of WWII and was awarded the North Atlantic
Star, the Burma Star with Clasp, the 1939-1945 Volunteer Service Medal and the
Victory Medal.
http://www.whale.to/a/scott.html
http://www.surfingtheapocalypse.net/forum/index.php?id=254796
http://www.whale.to/v/scott.html
http://www.regenerativenutrition.com/content.asp?id=267
http://ionamiller2008.iwarp.com/whats_new_21.html
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES, TOOLS, METHODS TO EXPLORE ;
There are100 strains
of Lyme in the USA. The spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdoferi shows up in infected nematode worms found in the
brains of from deceased MS patients, those with highly malignant brain tumor
(Glioblastoma multiforme) and from patients who died from Lewy Body dementia,
and the Lyme bacteria is present in 98% if Morgellons sufferers,
and is also found in 7 out of 10 patients who died from Alzheimer’s. BTW
Lyme is four times more prolific than HIV and is passed on through ticks,
mosquitoes, the human placenta, sexual activity and
possibly other means.
https://www.lymedisease.org/when-lyme-disease-affects-the-heart/
https://www.spooky2.com/forums/viewforum.php?f=12
http://www.spooky2tools.com/installing-lymetool/
LYMES DISEASE AND FREQUENCIES
We have a number of folks
from some of the Rife and Lyme (Frequency Treatment) related online communities
here. They have used a number of our tracks often in
tandem with other protocols they are using and have reported success in certain
areas. See below a partial list of tracks that are among the ones they have
tried. Before reviewing the material please read and agree to the disclaimer
prior ( see links at end of this message)
Lymes, Multiple Sclerosis and Crystalline Brucella
http://soundofstars.org/lymes.htm
MINIMAL SUGGESTED FREQUENCY COLLECITON TO
EXPERIMENT WITH LYMES FILE LIST:
https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/280494594-lymes-mini-collection
DISCOUNT LINK ;
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=VJRB6B2CCNB8A
OTHER RELATED FREQUENCIES TO ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING
SITUATIONS:
1. Since the bacteria apparently go into cyst form
when they figure out the specific frequencies, it might be good to have three
(or more) different frequency files, e.g., Lyme Spirocete
1-2-3 with varying amplitude, etc. Starting the ‘series’
with gentle frequencies/sounds and then abruptly going to the ‘killer’
frequencies might be one way to fool the bacteria.
Spirochete
BioSparkorama.
2. It seems that after destroying the ‘bad’
bacteria, the toxins need to be removed from the body. Frequencies that would
facilitate that process would be useful. Possibly
Lithium Emulation
Alkalinize Body Morgellans.
3. Then include frequencies that improve typical lyme presentations such as Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome; MS, ALS, PARKINSON, Rheumatoid Arthritis, etc.
Pirocetam
Lithium Emulation
Mushroom
Neural
Teleportal
Fatique
Removal Formula
Lyme Inhibitor
Brain Booster
Aura Sweep
Blockage Removal.
4. Finally, to finish with feel good, grounding
frequencies.
Brain and Nerve Heal
Ashwagandha
Tea Tree Extract
Regeneration General
Attract Good Things.
LYMES & COINFECTIONS Re: - results - RON BORROW
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/15322
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/11756
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/11073
Ron,
have been meaning to respond to you about the
great letter you sent into us a short while back, apologies for not commenting
sooner.
> From: Ron Borrow <ron.borrow@>
> Subject: [ S.O.S. : --> ] results
> To: sound_of_stars@yahoogroups.com
> Received: Sunday, April 17, 2011, 9:56 AM
> this is ron,just
wanted too let the group know i having been using
> all frequencies for my lyme
and co-infections,,like
> mms...colodial silver,,viral inhibitor..armetsian
blend,,lyme
> frequencies and bio-sparkorama,,,with
continued improvment of my
> symptoms,,,at this
time no pills supplment or any thing oral needing
> too ingest,,just listen..also find the self -actulization,,,quite
> remarkable,,,it
does for me deliver as said so far,,,thanks,,,,,ron
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/23498
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/22269
Connection Between Morgellons, Lymes,
Dentistry
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/20312
LYMES - AND TREATMENT PROTOCOLS
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/16889
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/16836
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/15332
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/15322
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/10074
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/search/messages?query=lymes
LYMES FREQUENCY COLLECTION
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sound_of_stars/conversations/messages/11057
http://www.soundofstars.org/DISCLAIMERc.htm
http://soundofstars.org/webkits.htm#disclaimer
"VICE" MAGAZINE DESCRIBES US ; "As for the frequencies themselves,
Donald Adams, a mathematician
and former Microsoft software engineer from Edmonton,
created them under his company Sound of
Stars. Using a huge database of research
from the alternative
and contemporary health scene, he created mathematical maps of
the different states of the brain and
applied them to an algorithm, which spat out the
frequencies. His catalogue mostly deals
with healing and eliminating negativity.
That's how the idea came of using it at
parties. I gave it to a friend, DJ Noor, just to
experiment with his own creativity, but
then it led to the idea of us experimenting with
audiences." https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkazgw/canadian-electromagnetic-instrument
PURGE DARK
THOUGHTS - FREQUENCY IMMERSION EXPERIENCE
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9-HzPUvd0lTShEnI-yIY-myF08Tmjoo4
Physiotherapist
Describes her Experiences with our frequencies ;
“I have explored many of your frequencies and have
found that many of them are more stimulating
and great for use for the early part of the day. I
have found that they can ramp me up and make
it difficult to settle at night.
What frequencies do you recommend to
use towards the evening for a slowing down of the
systems of the body in
preparation for rest?
I have used the
Sleep Deep one before sleep and that helps but just wondering what other ones
I can indulge in
throughout the evening without negatively affecting my ability to settle and
sleep.
Thank you for your prompt responses. I
appreciate having someone available to reach out to…
It is rare to find
these days.”
[ NEXT DAY ] ;
“…started playing them last night and today and have
felt more settled and at peace.
It was much easier to fall asleep too… maybe too easy
I fell asleep on the couch lol.
I am going to be more diligent about the timing of
these tracks going forward. “
– PHYSIOTHERAPIST.”
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FREQUENCY TO GET?
First, determine what sort
of positive state change you want to experience.
Next locate which
individual frequency item or collection of frequencies
match what you want to
experience by ‘THEME’.
You can purchase
individual frequency tracks or groups of frequency tracks that address the
same theme, interest type,
effects desired but in different ways.
In many cases groups
( bundles of frequencies ) that address a specific theme can
accelerate your state change.
Most group collections of
tracks are bundled into different associative themes.
When you search our online
Tradebit catalog you can view the items there
but if you wish to
purchase let me know first what you would like and I
can send
you a special custom
discount link of at least %20 off.
If you want to explore
other related frequency tracks on the catalog remember
that you
can choose, mix and match
tracks and have a custom collection created - you just need
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NEED HELP
CHOOSING THE RIGHT FREQUENCIES FOR YOUR SPECIFIC NEEDS?
Regarding frequencies that
support the interests you mentioned, we likely have quite a
few
that are a match for you
with excellent track records over many years.
Generally we group collections of tracks into different
associative themes.
I can send you
descriptions of examples from our catalog that meet your criteria.
Some collections cost more
than others and are more comprehensive in range of effects.
Please indicate what your
preferred maximum budget range is.
Once you email me a quote
back to doc_starz@yahoo.com I will review our catalog entries
that best match your
interest for the price range you specify.
I will then send you links
that you can review. Use
these links to view the track titles, but if you wish to purchase
either let me know first and I will send you a discount link of
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"VICE" MAGAZINE DESCRIBES US ; "As for the frequencies themselves, Donald Adams,
a mathematician and former Microsoft software engineer from
Edmonton, created them under
his company Sound of Stars. Using a huge database of research
from the alternative and
contemporary health scene, he created mathematical maps of
the different states of the brain
and applied them to an algorithm, which spat out the
frequencies. His catalogue mostly deals
with healing and eliminating negativity. That's how the idea
came of using it at parties.
I gave it to a friend, DJ Noor, just to experiment with his
own creativity, but then it led to the
idea of us experimenting with audiences."
https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkazgw/canadian-electromagnetic-instrument
DNA REGENERATION : INCREASING THE LENGTH OF
TELOMERES
ANTI-AGING EXOTIC CUTTING EDGE
TECHNOLOGIES
also see ;
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The Biological
Perspective In the
Introduction, I discussed the evolution of organized matter from the photon
through particles, atoms and molecules to living
cells which begin to differentiate in structure and function forming a wide
variety of tissues and organs that play a specialized function in the human
body. It is reasonable to assume all these levels of organization including
the whole human being play a role in shaping consciousness. Particularly
important are the nervous system, comprising brain and spinal cord, and the
endocrine system, comprising a number of ductless
glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Many biological scientists
today implicitly believe that these structures not only shape consciousness, but are actually the source of conscious
awareness. This view is known as the biological identity theory. The
Nervous System Neuron
cells are the principle units of the nervous system.
Their function is to conduct nerve impulses transmitting information. The
twelve billion neurons in our bodies vary greatly in size and shape; however
they all have two general parts: a cell body and fibers. The cell body contains
structures that keep the neuron alive and properly functioning. The neural
fibers are of two classes: dendrites stimulated by neighboring neurons or
physical stimuli; and axons, which transmit impulses to other neurons or to
an effector, such as a muscle or gland. The
process by which pulses transmit across the neural membrane is
electrochemical. The pulses are caused by rapid and reversible changes in the
permeability of the membrane to certain ions. The resulting flows of ions
across the membrane give rise to electrical impulses, which can be detected
and recorded with various instruments. The size of the nerve impulses and the
speed with which they travel are unique to each particular
neuron and do not relate to the strength of the stimuli that initiated
them. Firing thresholds will vary with time from neuron to neuron depending
on many factors; however once the threshold is
reached, the electrochemical changes that cause the impulse proceed to
completion. Therefore, information about any stimulus is carried by (1) the
frequency of nerve firing and (2) by the number of particular
fibers carrying impulses, and not by the strength of any single
impulse. This, incidentally, is the same on-off principle by which
information is coded in a digital computer. Some nerves transmit as many as
1000 impulses each second.
Neurons
are stimulated to fire by either sensory receptors or other neurons. Nerve
impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to a
muscle or gland across an important gap known as a synapse. The whole region
including the bouton on the end of the axon on one neuron, the gap, and the
post-synaptic membrane of the adjoining cell, can be called the synaptic
region (the circled area in the multi-polar neuron photograph). Information
is transmitted across the synaptic gap by enzymes delicately released from
little spheres in the bouton called vesicles. The information is received at
the postsynaptic membrane, which is generally either excited or inhibited by
these chemicals depending again on many factors, such as the particular combination of enzymes transmitted across the
synapse or the interaction with the electro-magnetic environment around the
body. If the
post-synaptic membrane is stimulated by an inhibiting neurotransmitter its
firing threshold will become higher. An excitatory neurotransmitter will
lower the firing threshold of a given neuron, causing it to fire more often.
The actual firing threshold of a neuron is variable and is often determined
by the combined influence of hundreds of synapses.
Thus the synaptic aspect of neural transmission is
not an all or none affair, and may be thought of as the analog or continuous
aspect of the human bio-computer. Some nerves actually loop
back upon themselves to form reverbrating circuits
which may be the neural basis for memory storage. The
nervous system itself is quite complex and may be divided into several
different structures. The
peripheral nervous system comprises those neurons or parts of neurons that
lie outside the bony case formed by the skull and the spine. The somatic
nerves of this system mediate the sensory inputs and muscle movements that we
are consciously aware of during waking hours. The
autonomic part of the peripheral system regulates many functions--such as the
heart rate, blood pressure, endocrine and digestive processes of which we are
not normally conscious, but which can be brought under conscious control
through bio-feedback and yoga techniques. The
sympathetic aspect of the autonomic system generally comes into play when we
experience strong emotions, while the parasympathetic system tends to be
active when we are calm and relaxed. The cell bodies of the autonomic nervous
system, as well as of the sensory nerves of the somatic system, gather together in ganglia alongside the spinal column,
and at other points in the body. The cell bodies of somatic motor-nerve
fibers, however, are located inside the central nervous system. The
central nervous system is organized into two principle
parts, the spinal cord and the brain. The spinal cord serves as a conduction
path to and from the brain and also as an organ for
effecting reflex action. The brain seems to play an important role in all the
complex activities constituting consciousness -- thinking, perception,
learning, memory, etc. The three main structures of the brain are known as
the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.
Within
the hindbrain lie the cerebellum, the pons, and medulla. These neural centers
regulate breathing, heartbeat, motor coordination, posture, and balance. They
are also involved in mediating nerve impulses from the body to the higher
brain centers. The
midbrain contains numerous nerve fiber tracts and neural centers regulating
body changes in response to visual and auditory stimulation. The
forebrain has reached its greatest development in humans and other highly
evolved animals, such as porpoises. It comprises the cerebrum, which is
covered by the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and a group of closely related structures
forming the limbic system. These parts of the brain mediate our inner mental
and emotional processes. The
sensations in your mind are mapped out on the cerebral cortex of your brain,
which mediates your conscious sensory and motor functions, as well as complex
perceptual processes.
One
method of researching cerebral functioning has been to electrically stimulate
the exposed cortex of human subjects, under local anesthesia, who could then
report on their experiences. By stimulating certain areas various types of
sensations, movements and thought patterns can be evoked. Another method of
research is to observe the functioning of individuals who have had portions
of their brain removed or damaged. Especially in the case of young children,
removing a portion of the brain does not seem to impair the functioning ofthe mind. One
important line of research has indicated the two hemispheres of the cerebral
cortex function differently. The speech areas of the human cortex are almost
always located on the left hemisphere, regardless of whether the person is
right or left handed. Several researchers have
suggested that the mind's logical and linear functions are associated with
the left hemisphere; while the more kinesthetic, pre-verbal, intuitive
properties of consciousness derive from the right hemisphere. The particular functions each hemisphere assumes may vary with
different individuals. However, the capacity for two uniquely different modes
of consciousness within each individual seems
well-established. Important differences also seem to exist between the
intellectual cortex and other deeper, emotional layers of the forebrain. Those
parts of the brain most attuned to the body's needs and emotional states are
the limbic system and the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a bundle of nerve
bodies, about the size of a peanut, located just above the roof of the mouth.
It contains several centers that mediate the excitement and inhibition of the
hunger, thirst, and sexual drives, as well as emotional arousal. The activity
of these centers is in turn regulated by such factors as hormones in the
blood and signals from other parts of the brain, including the cortex.
Certain areas in the hypothalamus and limbic system, when stimulated, can be
a source of enormous pleasure for the body. In
conjunction with the reticular activating system, the hypothalamus is also
involved in the mediation of sleep and arousal states. By
attaching electrodes to the skin of the head, psychologists are able to measure the electrical activity of the brain
as a whole. Brain waves thus measured can generally be correlated with
different states of consciousness ranging trom the
alert waking state, to drowsiness, hypnagogic imagery, meditation, sleep, and
dreaming. Individuals can learn to control their brain waves, and also their internal states of consciousness through
techniques providing them with immediate feedback on their physiological state.
Researchers suggest there may be no biological functions that cannot be
brought under conscious control in this fashion. Many individuals are able to develop this control through simple techniques
of yoga, hypnosis, and meditation. The
Endocrine System
The
endocrine system, which comprises glands secreting powerful hormones into the
bloodstream, is one of the most interesting areas of autonomic functioning.
Our personality and character is profoundly effected
by our hormone balance. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary and
pineal glands in the brain, the thyroid and parathyroids in the throat, the
thymus gland located near the heart, the adrenal glands, and the sexual
glands. To a lesser degree, other parts of the body, including neurons, also
secrete hormones into the bloodstream. The endocrine system is
self-regulating in that hormone secretion from any gland is activated in part
by other hormones in the bloodstream. The hypothalamus also plays an
important role in stimulating certain hormone secretions from the pituitary
gland. The
pituitary is often called the "master gland" because it secretes a number of hormones that stimulate or inhibit secretion
in the other glands of the body. It also produces hormones that regulate the
growth rate of children and awaken the sexual glands at puberty. The
pineal gland produces several substances including a hormone known as
5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin.
Serotonin
is of the same chemical series of indole alkaloids that includes psychedelic
drugs such as LSD-25, psilocybin, D.M.T. and bufotenine.
The
exact mechanism by which serotonin might effect
consciousness or behavior is not well understood by scientists today.
Research findings are paradoxical as serotonin is known to affect different
parts of the body and brain in different ways, depending on the proportions
and combinations of other hormones and enzymes present during the
interaction. Generally speaking serotonin is
recognized as a neural inhibitor in the brain. The stores of serotonin in the
brain are depleted by reserpine, a tranquilizer, and augmented by iproniazid,
a mood elevator. Large amounts are present in the limbic system and the
hypothalamus. Smaller concentrations occur in the cortex and the cerebellum.
Ablation of the nerve network in the brain called the raphe system, which
contains considerable amounts of serotonin, is known to produce permanent
insomnia. The ingestion of serotonin is unlikely to effect
the central nervous system as it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. If
it did, its main result would be to put one to sleep. Most of the serotonin
in the brain is in the reticular activating system where it plays an
important role in the sleep-wake cycle. When serotonin levels in the r.a.s. rise, the brain goes into deep sleep. Other
studies have shown greatly increased amounts of serotonin in the brains of
psychotic patients. According to biologist John Bleibtrau,
"Bananas and plums abound in serotonin; so do
figs, and among species of figs none is richer in serotonin than the ficus religiosa, known in India as the Bo tree, under
which the Buddha reportedly sat when he became enlightened." Thus the hormone produced by the pineal gland makes
possible emotions, perception, sleep and wakefulness, and orientation to
conventional reality. The
thyroid gland produces a hormone known as thyroxin, which controls the
metabolic rate at which the body produces energy. Whether a person is slow
and sluggish or extremely active is influenced by this hormone. (Occult
systems often associate this gland with the throat chakra). The
hormones produced in the thymus gland regulate the process by which the body
learns to differentiate its own proteins from foreign substances which may be
harmful to it. By this process antibodies are manufactured that react only
against invading antigens and not to the myriad similar substances necessary
to the body. One could think of the thymus gland as being closely related to
the body's sense of organic identity. The
adrenal glands, located in the back of the body above the kidneys, secrete
the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are related to states of
strong emotion. The sympathetic nervous system can stimulate the adrenal
glands and the action of the adrenal hormones produced generally intensifies
the actions of the sympathetic system throughout the body. It helps mobilize
sugar into the blood and makes more energy available to the brain and
muscles. It stimulates the heart to beat faster and also
constricts the peripheral blood vessels, thus raising blood pressure. The sex
glands or gonads are the testes in men and the ovaries in women. The hormones
they produce are responsible for the marked physical changes that take place
during puberty -- the beginning of menstruation, growth of the breasts, voice
changes and beard and body hair growth. It is
important to recognize that the complex activity of manufacturing the
hormones and enzymes, which regulate both neural transmission and the
endocrine system, is guided by the subtle programming coded into the genetic
structure of each cell in the body. One can view these three modes of
physiological functioning as communication systems. Neural transmission
provides rapid communication for the whole body -- requiring fractions of a
second for feedback. The endocrine system provides inter-organ, slow
communication -- requiring minutes to hours for feedback. While the genetic
structure can be seen as an organism-environment communication system
requiring many generations for feedback. It is
recognized that manufacturing protein substances within the cells is guided
by the DNA codes; however scientists have yet to
find a satisfactory explanation for the development of tissues, organs, and
whole organisms. Melanin:
The Organizing Molecule Building
on the "reflexive universe" model of Arthur M. Young (to be
presented at the end of Section IV), physician Frank Barr hypothesizes that
neuromelanin, a complex category of light and sound absorbing molecules, is
responsible for our experience of a continuum of mental states. It is the
molecule, he claims, that coordinates interactions between the endocrine and
nervous systems. Barr summarizes his theory: Neuromelanin
-- through 1) its photon-phonon-(exciton)-(soliton)
interactions; 2) its semi- (and possibly super-) conductive capacities; 3)
its cation exchange flow; 4) its continuous free radical signal; 5) its
neuroglial direct current; 6) its potentially diverse covalent modifications;
7) its potential to trigger reversible enzyme cascade amplifications; etc. --
could precisely regulate the neuroendocrine system. By meticulous
phase-timing, neuromelanin could coordinate the synthesis, release, uptake,
destruction, modification, and/or recycling of the various neuroamines and peptides throughout the brain. The
Temporal Lobe Factor in Psychic Experience Psychologist
Michael A. Persinger of Laurentian University in
Canada that, whether psi experiences are real or imagined, the temporal lobes
of the brain play a significant role in mediating such experiences. Deep
within the temporal lobes are the mesiobasal
structures, specifically the hippocampus (often referred to as the gateway to
memory) and the more anterior, amygdala (the mediator of affect and
meaning). The
temporal lobes have diverse structures and multiple functions including
memory, the sense of self in space and time, the attribution of meaning and
emotional significance, audition, organization of complex visual patterns,
smell, and language. Persinger suggests that psi information signals are
carried on extremely low electromagnetic frequencies to which temporal lobe
structures are sensitive. He describes his approach to understanding psychic
functioning in the temporal lobes: The
deep structures of the temporal lobes are the most electrically unstable
portions of the human brain. This instability is really a sensitivity, due to
the microcircuitry of the neurons; it allows the phenomena of declarative
memory and its consolidation to occur. However, there are consequences to
this sensitivity. The temporal lobe structures are prone to electrically
active foci...Local and paroxysmal discharges can even be produced by
specific memories and biofrequency (extremely low
frequency) magnetic fields that penetrate brain tissue. The
contribution of temporal lobe processes to psi phenomena have
two important implications. Firstly, the phenomenological characteristics of
psi experiences, especially spontaneous ones, should be dominated by the functions
of the temporal lobes. Such evidence is clearly seen in the propensity for
spontaneous psi experiences to involve visuoauditory
modalities, dreams (modulated via the hippocampus), and intense affect (the
amygdala) that attributes the experience with intense, personal
meaningfulness. Secondly, the electrical lability means that many other
stimuli could both compete for neural substrates that facilitate psi
experiences and stimulate psi-like experinces, that
is generate pseudo-psi or quasi-psi. Persinger also notes that no other brain condition
simulates spontaneous psi experiences as closely as temporal lobe epilepsy.
This disorder is associated with brief paroxysmal electrical discharges
within the mesiobasal regions of the temporal lobe.
If the discharge remains within one lobe and does not propagate to motor
regions, there are no convulsions. An observer might not realize the person
is experiencing a seizure. However,
there are often experiential phenomena that are associated with such
discharges which resemble the major manifestations of spontaneous psi
experiences. These include deja vu,
depersonalization, out-of-body types of experiences, a sense of a presence,
time distortions, an internal "hearing and knowing," anxiety or
panic, experiences of floating or falling, shapes in the peripheral visual
field (especially the upper quadrant), and complex visual
"hallucinations." Electrical stimulation studies have demonstrated
that these experiences are specific to temporal lobe structures., People
who have chronic electrical discharges within temporal lobe structures also
develop a behavioral pattern which overlaps with the profile of persons
interested in psychic and "new age" matters. These patterns
include: a widening of affect, such that unusual events acquire special
personal meaning; an interest in philosophy and mysticism; a sense of
personal destiny; episodes of delusions; and a desire to either record one's
experiences or to communicate one's beliefs. Following
up on his interest in geomagnetic effects upon consciousness (which will be
discussed further), Persinger has assembled a body
of data suggesting a marked similarity between the diurnal distribution of
limbic epilepsy and psi experiences. The number of temporal lobe seizures
(with observable motor activity) were plotted for each one
hour interval from a population of about 100,000 events collected
before anticonvulsants were introduced into medicine. Seizures were most
prominent between 0200 and 0400 hours local time,
with a secondary peak around 2200 hours. For
comparison, the percentage of total cases per hour for all
of the histories of spontaneous telepathy concerning death and crises
to significant others from the Society for Psychical Research collections
that contained the hour of the occurrence (open circles)., In addition, Persinger collected similar cases that contained this
information as reported in Fate Magazine. A statistical
analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the well-documented
SPR collections and the less documented Fate cases -- suggesting the
possibility of a similar mechanism effecting their occurrence. Peak
displays of spontaneous experiences concerning death and crises to
significant others occurred between 0200 and 0400 hrs, with a secondary peak
around 2100 to 2300 hours. However, unlike the epileptic events, there was
increased incidence of ostensible psi experiences around 1600 hours. The
partial similarity of the hourly distribution of the incidence of both
epileptic episodes and ostensible psi experiences is an example of the
commonality of the two phenomena. They appear to exist along a continuum of
temporal lobe lability or sensitivity. They may both involve local microseizuring that generate experiential phenomena
without overt motoric displays. However, Persinger
claims that "it would be incorrect to assume that psi experiences are a
form of limbic epilepsy." One must also take into
account that normal microseizuring occurs
every night, during the dream or REM (rapid eye movement) state. The most
important difference from the perspective of psi research, of course, is the
trigger that evokes the experience. Persinger has verified the existence of a temporal lobe
continuum of activity in normal individuals who show no signs of epilepsy or
abnormal personality. The more frequent the number of temporal lobe signs a
person reports, Persinger suggests, the more likely
they are to report spontaneous psi experiences and to score well in
laboratory tests of psi. The
Ecology of Consciousness One of
the most interesting new areas of science concerns electrostatic interactions
between biological organisms and the environment. I have already indicated
that the electro-chemical nature of neural transmission plays an important
role in mediating information-transfer throughout the body. Now we will take a look at some of the more subtle extensions of our
biological functioning: Our
bodies are influenced -- in ways often overlooked -- by the existence of
small ions in the atmosphere. The research of scientists such as Albert P.
Krueger are sometimes dismissed as insignificant in the face of gross
environmental pollution, however they seem to show important implications for
consciousness:
Air ion
formation begins when enough energy acts on a gaseous molecule to eject an
electron. Most of this energy comes from radioactive substances in the
Earth's crust, and some from cosmic rays. The displaced electron attaches
itself to an adjacent molecule, which becomes a negative ion, the original
molecule then becoming a positive ion...natural gas or water molecules
cluster about the ions to form small air ions of four types: H+(HzO)n, (HaO)+(HzO)n, Oz(HzO)n
and OH-(HzO)n, where n is a small number. In
normal clean air over land, there are 1500 to 4000 ions/cubic centimeter. But
negative ions are more mobile and the earth's
surface has a negative charge, so negative ions are repelled from the earth's
surface. Thus the normal ratio of negative to
positive ions is 1.2 to l. Man often encounters very low concentrations of
ions, and modern city life increases the ratio of positive to negative small
air ions. A 14-day study in 1971 by B. Maczynski (lnt. J. Biometeor,
vol. 15, p. 11) in an office containing four people showed that the small air
ion concentration dropped as the day went on, falling on average to only 34
positive ions and 20 negative ions/cm1. And a test at a light industry area
of San Francisco by J. C. Beckett (J. Amer. Soc. Heating, Refrig, and Air Cond., vol 1- p 47) showed a small
ion count of less than 80 ions/cm3. In both cases the number of
physiologically inert large ions rose considerably-apparently small ions
react with dust and pollutants to form large ions. People
travelling to work in polluted air, spending eight hours a day in offices or
factories, and living their leisure hours in urban dwellings, inescapably
breathe ion-depleted air for substantial portions of their lives. There is
increasing evidence that this ion depletion leads to discomfort, enervation
and lassitude, and loss of mental and physical efficiency. This syndrome
appears to develop quite apart from the direct toxic effects of the usual
atmospheric pollutants. It occurs in the absence of such pollutants, in the
"clean" air of rural schools or libraries which happen to be
ion-depleted due to special factors which remove ions, such as stray
electrical fields. On the other hand, evidence is accumulating that
substantial increases in ions can have highly beneficial effects, from
relieving the pain of burns to promoting plant growth. Experiments
have shown that negative ions promote the healing rate of animals with
severed peripheral nerves, skin lacerations, burns, and post-operative
discomfort. They are known to greatly enhance cell proliferation, and under
certain circumstances they are known to raise the critical fusion frequency
threshold (the point at which a flickering light appears constant) in humans
and decrease visual reaction time. In
several instances both positive and negative ions are shown to have similar
effects. High doses of either type of ion have been shown to be lethal to
bacteria. High densities of negative or positive ions increase, on the other
hand, the maze learning ability of rats. Low concentrations of positive and
negative ions are known to produce fewer alpha frequency brain waves in human
beings. High concentrations of ions tend to disrupt alpha frequencies in a
more variable fashion. In rats, varying outputs of ions in either polarity
will produce measurable changes in urine, defecation, sleeping period,
respiration rate, and attacks on the aluminum foil ground plate used to
generate the ions. In general, oddly enough, the lowest ion concentrations
were the most effective in evoking (or provoking) such changes. Particularly
interesting is Kreuger's demonstration of the effects small air ions have on
the levels of serotonin in the blood and in the brain. He has shown that in
mice positive ions raise blood levels of serotonin and negative ions depress
them. In these rodents' brains, low dosages as well as high dosages of both
negative and positive ions produced significant decreases in serotonin-as
compared to normal atmospheric levels. This disparity can be accounted for by
the fact that serotonin does not cross the blood-brain barrier. (You will recall
the important role brain-serotonin plays in mediating many facets of
consciousness.) Negative ions are also known to play a role in speeding up
plant growth and in increasing resistance to influenza. Research
from Israel dramatically illustrates the link between atmospheric ionization,
physiological levels of serotonin, and consciousness. In many parts of the
world, observers have noted that certain "winds of ill repute" have
a discomforting effect upon individuals -- the Santa Ana winds in Southern
California, the Chinook winds in Canada, the Mistral winds of France, the
Zonda winds of Argentina, Sirocco winds of Italy, and the Sharav
or Chamsin winds of the Near East. Symptoms such as
sleeplessness, irritability, tension, migraines, nausea and vomiting, scotoma
(diminished vision), amblyopia (dimness of vision), and edemata
(swelling of tissue) have been noted. These symptoms resemble the effects of
hyper-production of serotonin. In weather-sensitive people, urinary serotonin
output showed a steep rise two days before the onset of the Sharav winds in Israel. They remained high the following
day and dropped only after the winds began. In addition to increase in
positive ionization, the salient meteorological features of these winds are a
rapid rise in temperature and a decrease in humidity. These factors by
themselves, however, fail to account for the physiological changes noted. The
negative psychological and physiological effects are attributed to the rise
in the ratio of positively charged ions in the atmosphere preceeding
the onset of the winds. It is interesting to note in this connection that the
word doldrums has two dictionary meanings: (1)
dullness; a state of listlessness and boredom, (2) a part of the ocean near
the equator abounding in calms, light winds, and squalls. On the
other hand, in locations where (-) air ion densities are relatively high,
such as near water falls, the general effect of the
local environment is tranquilizing and conducive to good health. It is no
wonder then that scientists in the know, such as Dr. Albert Krueger in
Berkeley, use air filters and negative ion generators at
all times to restore the environment around them to its natural
unpolluted and electrostatically balanced state. Stepping
into Krueger's laboratory in the Life Science Building at the University of
California, Berkeley, and breathing deeply was like all of
a sudden being out in the crisp, clean air of a mountain wilderness. Closely
related to the electrostatic and ionic phenomena of the biosphere, are
electromagnetic phenomena that also play an important role in the ecology of
consciousness. The
magnetic field of the earth extends around the planet like a large donut and
is probably created by the flow of molten metals in the earth's core. The
average intensity of this field is about 0.5 gauss
and it pulses at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 100 cycles per second. The
predominant frequency range of magnetic pulsations, known as the Schumann
resonance, is around 7.5 cycles per second. Several researchers have
suggested that this resonance in the geomagnetic and electrostatic field has an effect upon the human nervous system-and upon
consciousness itself. The
Schumann resonance is an effect due to the fact that an electromagnetic wave
(traveling at the speed of light, 186,000 miles a second) goes around the
earth's 25,000 mile circumference around 7.5 times a
second. Perhaps it is useful to think of the 7.5 c.p.s.
brain wave frequency as the boundary between alpha waves and theta waves. If
that frequency predominates in your brain waves you are generally in the
hypnogogic or hypnopompic state just on the border
of wak`ng up or falling asleep. The theta wave is
frequently observed in the EEG patterns of experienced meditators, who must
pass through the Schumann resonance portal without falling asleep. The
field of the earth is about 1000 times weaker than the field from a small
horseshoe magnet. The reported effects of such weak magnetic fields include
altered cellular reproduction, plant growth and germination, orientation to
direction, amplitude of motor activity, and enzyme activity. Of particular
interest is the work of Dull and Dull, which showed a striking correlation
between incidents of human illness and death during periods of sharp
geomagnetic disturbances (such disturbances are often related to solar-storm
activity). Another study conducted by Robert Becker and his associates at the
Veterans Administration Hospital in Syracuse, New York, showed a positive
correlation between days of geomagnetic intensity and the number of persons
admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Professor
Michael Persinger, of the Psychophysiology
Laboratory at Laurentian University, hypothesizes that the extremely low
frequency (ELF) Schumann waves may serve as a carrier for psi information. He
points out the near impossibility of shielding against such waves, requiring
no less than "an underground bunker surrounded by several inches of
steel." Noting
that ELF waves propagate more easily from midnight to 4:00 a.m., and that
they are easier to transmit from west to east rather than east to west, Persinger surveyed the ESP literature for any
correlations. His findings were as he predicted. Telepathy and clairvoyance
do show a tendency to peak roughly between midnight and 4:00 a.m. There is
also a slight tendency for the telepathic agent to be west of the percipient
rather than to the east. To clinch his argument, Persinger
observes that fewer psi experiences are reported during periods of
geomagnetic disturbance. Such disturbances also impair the propagation of ELF
waves., Several
investigators have shown that humans are sensitive to slight variations of
magnetic intensity. Once accustomed to distinguish
between the presence and absence of a weak magnetic field, subjects in
several experiments were asked to walk back and forth over a given area
without knowing whether an artificial magnetic field had been activitated. Under these conditions, the subjects were
extremely accurate in guessing whether the current was in operation., This
sensitivity is offered as a partial explanation for the effectiveness of
dowsers in finding water: Water
filtering through porous media produces electric currents through electrofiltration potential and concentration batteries.
If the medium is sufficiently conducting, and the current of the soil is
sufficiently high, then there exists at the surface of the soil a small
magnetic anomaly. The
precise channels by which the human body detects magnetism are still a matter
of speculation. However we know most biological
processes are based on chemical interactions, which can be accounted for, in
the last resort, by the interactions of atomic nuclei and electrons. In one
study with dowsers, using strict experimental controls and a double blind,
weak magnetic fields were shown to cause measurable changes in the electrical
skin potential. Another
study was conducted in which future astronauts spent up to ten days in a
special chamber free of magnetic fields. During this time, no serious psychological
or physiological deviations were reported--although some of the findings have
remained classified. It was found, however, that the subjective perception of
general brightness was lower under the non-magnetic condition--thus implying
a magnetic effect upon the visual cortex. Soviet Studies, in addition, have
determined that weak magnetic fields can effect the direction-finding
orientation of birds, fish, and insects.,, Research
with honey bees shows that they are sensitive to fields of one gamma, i.e.
several thousand times weaker than the earth's 1/2 gauss field. Homing
pigeons may rival honey bees in sensitivity. Other
studies have shown that germs and viruses are sensitive to the slightest
departure of the earth's magnetic field from the average--this is reflected
in reproduction rates and in genetic changes. For example, exposure to
magnetic fields causes resistance to penicillin in certain strains. Sister
M. Justa Smith, Ph.D., a biochemist associated with
the Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York, has shown that
strong magnetic fields affect the reactivity of certain enzymes in the human
body. These enzymes can act as a catalyst to speed up the body's natural
healing processes; and, in fact, Sister Smith observed that psychic healers
do exert a non-magnetic effect on the enzyme similar to
the magnetic field. Studies such as this have left scientists with a firm
conviction that magnetic fields play an important role in the body's healing
and immunological processes. The
world map shows the variations in the intensity of the earth's geomagnetic
field. Movement of high and low centers varies very slowly with time-the rate
of this movement is measured in feet per year. The center of lowest magnetic
intensity on the planet (25 gauss) is in Brazil right over Rio de
Janeiro.
(In
terms of psychic consciousness, it is interesting to note that Spiritism has
flourished in Brazil, in spite of opposition from
the Catholic Church, perhaps more than in any other nation. Brazilian spiritists, synthesizing modern European, native Indian,
and African culture, number over a third of Brazil's population and comprise
powerful interest groups with their own elected representatives in the
national legislature. There are entire towns in Brazil composed solely of spiritists.) The
areas of greatest geomagnetic intensity center near the poles where readings
are found in the .60-.70 gauss range. Spacecraft at the altitudes and
latitudes of the usual near-earth orbits are generally not exposed to
magnetic fields lower than those in Brazil. However, spaceflights more than
about one sixth the distance to the moon enter a magnetic environment
near-zero in intensity. It is still uncertain precisely how these variations
of magnetic field will effect the consciousness of
astronauts, as scientists are just beginning to explore the interactions of
electromagnetism on the mind and body. For
nearly thirty years doctors in Austria, West Germany and the Soviet Union
have used a therapeutic technique known as electrosleep
to cure a wide variety of psychological problems related to insomnia. A weak
electric current (just enough to cause a tingling sensation) is passed
through the head by attaching electrodes over the closed eyes and over the
mastoid process (behind the ears). This induces an altered state of consciousness,
and eventually sleep. Over
500 articles about electrosleep have been published
in the Russian literature and a number of
sophisticated studies in Western Europe have produced evidence that the
therapeutic process is effective. However, American clinicians have remained
very skeptical about all electronic therapeutic processes, which have long
been associated with medical quackery. (The unfortunate exception to this
assumption is electroshock therapy where powerful current -- 70 to 130 volts
-- jolts through a patient's brain causing convulsions, memory loss,
temporary relief of depression and other symptoms. No one is sure how or why
it works.) In the
last few years, American researchers have shown a new interest in electrosleep. A number of
favorable research papers have been presented using electrosleep
with humans and animals. Improvements have been shown in cases of insomnia as
well as in removing neurotic and psychotic symptoms. The exact mechanisms are
still unknown; but it is quite clear, as we have already pointed out, that
electromagnetic brain fluctuations are involved in the basic rest and
activity cycle. The
problem of bio-electromagnetic interactions is much more intrinsic than the
comparatively simple question of brain activity. The enormous role light
plays in our daily lives is so obvious we ordinarily overlook it. The most
dramatic responses to light can be observed in plants, upon which we are
dependent for oxygen and nutrition. The Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus
(1707-1780) first noticed that various flowers opened at different hours and
could actually be used as a clock. Linnaeus Flower Clock: In nineteenth century Europe, formal gardens were sometimes planted to
form a clockface, with the flowers in each bed blossoming at a different
hour. On a sunny day one could tell the time to within a half hour by
glancing at the garden. We wake
and sleep according to cycles of light and darkness. Furthermore, our adrenal
hormones, pineal hormones (such as serotonin), and our sexual hormones all
follow a twenty-four hour circadian production cycle
which changes with the seasons according to the amount of available sunlight.
Reflect for a moment you2�lf just how much
your consciousness is effected by sunlight and artifical
light in your environment in a church or temple in the forest on a bright
afternoon...in the moonlight...by the flickering firelight a lamplit
room...just after sunset...or in the dark. One of the things I love to do is
get up early in the morning, several hours before sunrise while it is still
dark. From a hilltop, I can silently watch the gentle conquest of darkness as
the earth turns and the birds, insects and the hormones flowing in my own
blood are all part of the music -- the planetary rotation raga. (The Hindu
musicians understood this perfectly well when they composed different pieces
of music to be played at different times of day.) In
Robert O. Becker's opinion, electromagnetic fields have enormous implications
for understanding consciousness. He suggests that the analog-synaptic aspect
of the central nervous system is regulated in part by electromagnetic
interaction with the environment. His research relating geomagnetic
disturbances to psychiatric admission rates has already been cited. In other studies he has indicated that geomagnetic disturbances
effect the behavior of patients on a psychiatric ward, and that magnetic
fields also have an effect on human reaction time., Challenges
to the Biological Identity Model Ever
since its eloquent expression in the philosophy of Rene Descartes, dualism
has been a feature of western philosophy and cultural thought. While most
physiologists implicitly subscribe to the materialistic, biological indentity model of consciousness, many of of the most promiment members
of the field have opted for a cleancut dualism.
Wilder Penfield, the Canadian neurosurgeon whose experiments of electrical
stimulation of the brain were instrumental in developing our knowledge of
cortical functioning, ended a reknowned scientific
career by renouncing the biological identity principle: In the end I conclude that
there is no good evidence, in spite of new methods,
such as the employment of stimulating electrodes, the study of conscious
patients and the analysis of epileptic attacks, that the brain alone can
carry out the work that the mind does. I conclude that it is easier to
rationalize man's being on the basis of two elements
than on the basis of one. Some neurophysiologists such as
Sherrington, Eccles, and Sperry have proceeded further in stating that mind
can act on brain directly.
They
have not specified, however, what they mean by mind, nor by what mechanism
mental organization can influence brain function. This is the basic problem
of dualism. Nevertheless, support for the dualistic position has come from
the logician and philosopher of science, Karl Popper, who summarizes the crux
of the argument against a materialistic biological identity model: [Materialists
suggest] that consciousness is nothing but inner perception, perception of a
second order, or perception (scanning) of an activity of the brain by other
parts of the brain. But [they] skip and skim over the problem why this
scanning should produce consciousness or awareness, in the sense in which all
of us are acquainted with consciousness or awareness;
for example, with the conscious, critical assessment of a solution to a
problem. And he never goes into the problem of the difference between
conscious awareness and physical reality. The
monist materialist can respond -- as philospher
Thomas Hobbes did in refuting Descartes' dualism -- that there is no reason
why matter should not be capable of thinking. This formulation is correct as
far as it goes. If we conceive of matter vaguely at the start, we cannot deny
it the faculty of thought. But this essentially destroys the mechanistic
world view: in addition to the classical properties of extension and motion,
an entirely different sort of property is now being ascribed to matter. The
mechanistic claims of materialism are thereby fundamentally changed, raising
severe problems for conventional physical notions. Some
leading physicists have gone even further in their dissolution of the idea of
matter. Under the influence of Ernst Mach, a physicist who believed neither
in matter nor in atoms, and who proposed a theory of knowledge reminiscent of
William James' radical empiricism, idealistic interpretations of quantum
mechanics have been put forward. As Bertrand Russell has eloquently stated: It has
begun to seem that matter, like the Cheshire Cat, is becoming gradually
diaphanous until nothing of it is left but the grin, caused presumably, by
amusement at those who still think it is there. References . Since
there are no pain receptors in the brain itself, only the scalp needs to be
anesthetized. While there are regions of the brain that seem to elicit pain
when stimulated, these "pain centers" (i.e.
in the limbic region) are simply the parts of the brain activated by the pain
receptors of the body. .
Richard F. Thompson, Foundations of Physiological Psychology. New
York: Harper and Row, 1967. .
Joseph E. Bogen, "The Other Side of the Brain:
An Appositional Mind," in Robert Ornstein (ed.), The Nature of
Human Consciousness. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1973. pp. 101-125. An
anthology of scientific, philosophical and literary
material. . A. T.
W. Simeons, M.D., Man's Presumptuous Brain.
New York: E. P. Dutton, 1961. One of the most enjoyable and knowledgeable
studies of brain science. Even in an age of information-explosion, still
worth reading. .
Barbara Brown, New Body, New Mind. New York: Harper and Row,
1974. The story of biofeedback research seen through the eyes of one of the
pioneer investigators. . The
last two drugs are derived in the body directly from serotonin -- and
bufotenine is also the active ingredient in the toads that are proverbally used in witches' brews. . Frank
X. Barron, Murray Jarvik & Sterling Bunnell,
Jr., "The Hallucinogenic Drugs," Contemporary Psychology
Readings From Scientific American. San
Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1971. p. 305. . A. P.
Krueger and S. Kotaka, "The Effects of Air
Ions on Brain Levels of Serotonin in Mice," International
Journal of Biometeorology, 13(1), 1969, 27. .
Angela Longo, "'To Sleep; Perchance to Dream?' A Neurochemical Study of
the States of Sleep." Unpublished paper, 1971. . John
N. Bliebtrau, The Parable of the Beast.
New York: Macmillan Company, 1968, p. 74. .
Phillip Handler, ed., Biology and the
Future of Man. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 59-60. A
survey of the life sciences sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences. . Frank
Barr, "Melanin: The Organizing Molecule," Medical
Hypotheses, 11(1), 1983, 1-140. . Frank
Barr, What is Melanin? Berkeley,
CA: Institute for the Study of Conscousness, 1983. . L. R.
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1612-1619. .
Michael A. Persinger, The Paranormal: Part
I. The Patterns. New York: MSS Information, 1974. .
Michael A. Persinger, "Psi Phenomena and
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R. E. Berger (eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1988. Metuchen,
NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1989. pp. 124-5. . P. Gloor, A. Olivier, L. F. Quensey,
F. Andermann, & S. Horowitz, "The Role of
the Limbic System in Experiential Phenomena of Temporal Lobe
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B. K. Doane & K. E. Livingston (eds.), The
Limbic System. New York: Raven, 1986. pp. 159-169. . Gloor, et al. . As a
person who has experienced seizures, I am interested in understanding the
extent to which one's orientation to the field of psi research and the
philosophical issues related to consciousness may be shaped by neurological
propensities. . D. M.
Bear & P. Fedio, "Quantitative Analysis of
Interictal Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy," Archives of
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Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1904. .
Edmund Gurney, F. W. H. Myers & Frank Podmore, Phantasms
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Michael Persinger & G. B. Schaut,
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Phasic Ocular Events in Sleep and Wakefulness," in M. B. Sterman & M. N. Shouse
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Michael A. Persinger & K. Makarec,
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and Temporal Lobe Activity," p. 131. .
Albert Krueger, "Are Negative Ions Good for You?" New
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Albert P. Krueger, "Preliminary Consideration of the Biological
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Ions on Brain Levels of Serotonin in Mice," International
Journal of Biometeorology, 13(1), 1969, 31-44. .
Albert P. Krueger, P. C. Andriese & S. Kotaka,
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12(3), 225-239. .
Krueger & Kotaka, "The Effects," p.
33. .
Krueger, "Are Negative Ions Good for You?" . N.
Robinson & F. S. Dirnfield, "The lonization of the Atmosphere As
a Functioning of Meterological Elements and of
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Biometeorology, 3(2), March 1963. . A. Danon & F. G. Sulman,
"Ionizing Effect of Winds of Ill Repute and Serotonin
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Albert P. Krueger, "Biological Effects of lonization
of the Air," in S. W. Tromp (ed.), Progress in Biometerology. Amsterdam: Swets
and Zeitlinger, 1974, p. 32. . A. P.
Krueger, personal communication to the author. .
Walter M. Elsasser, "The Earth as Dynamo," Scientific
American, May 1958. This article provides a basic explanation of the
earth's magnetic field. . James
B. Beal, "The Emergence of Paraphysics: Research and Applications,"
in E. D. Mitchell & J. White (eds.), Psychic Explorations.
New York: Putmans, 1974. . T.
Dull & B. Dull, "Uber die abhangigkeit des
Gesundheitszustandes von plotzlichen
Eruptionen auf der Sonne
und die Existenz einer 27
taigigen Periode in den Sterbefillen," Virschows Archiv, No. 293, 1934. This study is summarized in Michel
Gauquelin, The Scientific Basis of
Astrology. New York: Stein and Day, 1969. .
Howard Friedman, Robert O. Becker and Charles
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Michael Persinger, "ELF Waves and
ESP," New Horizons, 1(5), January 1975, 232-235. .
Michael A. Persinger, The Paranormal. Part
II: Mechanisms and Models. New York: M. S. S. Information Corp.,
1974. . Selco Tromp, "Review of the Possible Physiological
Causes of Dowsing," International Journal of Parapsychology, 10(4),
1968. Tromp, a Dutch researcher, has been the executive editor of the International
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The Reflex of the Dowser," in Madeleine F. Barnothy
(ed.), Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields. New York: Plenum
Press, 1969. .
Ibid., p. 281. . A
double blind is a basic experimental technique in which neither the subject
nor the experimenter know whether a particular
condition is part of the control or the test group, i.e. whether the magnetic
field is on or off. .
Tromp, op. cit. . Yurij A. Kholodov, "Electromagnetic
Fields and the Brain," Impact: of Science on Society, 24(4),
October 1974, 291-297. Kholodov is one of the
Soviet researchers in the area of biomagnetic interactions. This issue of Impact, published
by UNESCO, was devoted to the international developments in the
"parasciences." . Yuri Kholodov, "The Brain and the Magnetic
Field," Journal of Paraphysics, 6(4), 1972, 144-147. This
article provides a more detailed description of Kholodov's
experiments. Several other articles in this issue of the Journal of
Paraphysics, published in England by Benson Herbert, deal with bio-magnetics. . A. S.
Presman, Electromagnetic Fields and Life, trans.
by F. L. Sinclair, ed. by F. A. Brown. New York: Plenum Press, 1970. This
volume is a compendium of the Soviet work in bio-magnetics. Presman is on the biophysics faculty at Moscow
University. .
Victor Yagodinsky, "The Magnetic Memory of the
Virus," Journal of Paraphysics, 6(4), 1972, 141. Translated
from the Russian. . M. Justa Smith, "The Influence on Enzyme Growth by the
'Laying on of Hands,'" in Dimensions of Healing. Los Altos,
Ca.: Academy of Parapsychology and Medicine, 1973. .
Svetlana Vinokurava, "Life in a Magnetic
Web," Journal of Paraphysics, 5(4), 1971, 135. . Homer
Jensen, "The Airborn Magnetometer," Scientific
American, 202(6), June 1961, 152. . Pedro
McGregor, The Moon and Two Mountains. London: Souvenir Press,
1966. This book offers an unusual balance of emotional involvement and
sociological objectivity. The author, an educated journalist, is also the
founder of a spiritist church which is attempting
to synthesize the many conflicting strains of Brazilian magical tradition. .
Charles C. Conley, "Effects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields on Biological
Systems," Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields, Vol.2. . R. R.
Koegler, S. M. Hicks, L. Rogers & J. H. Barger,
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Therapy in Clinical Psychiatry," in Norman L. Wulfson (ed.), The
Nervous System and Electric Currents. New York: Plenum Press, 1970. pp.
137-143. Not satisfied with the quality of the European work, these American
researchers conducted their own study with encouraging results. . Gay Gaer Luce, Biological Rhythms in Human and Animal
Physiology. New York: Dover, 1971, pp. 120-132. This is an unabridged
version of a report originally prepared for the National Institute of Mental
Health. . John
N. Ott, Health and Light. Old Greenwich, Connecticut:
Devin-Adair, 1973. Using the techniques of time-lapse photography, this
volume demonstrates the effects of light variations on plants and points to
similar responses in animals and people. .
Robert O. Becker, "The Effect of Magnetic Fields Upon the Central
Nervous System," Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields, Vol. 2,
pp. 207-214. .
Howard Friedman, Robert O. Becker & Charles H. Bachman, "Psychiatric
Ward Behavior and Geophysical Parameters," Nature, 205,
March 13, 1965, 1050-1052. .
Howard Friedman, Robert O. Becker & Charles H. Bachman, "Effect of
Magnetic Fields on Reaction Time Performance," Nature, 213,
March 4, 1967, 949-950. .
Wilder Penfield, Mystery of the Mind. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1975, p. 114. .
Charles Sherrington, Man On His Nature.
New York: Macmillan, 1941. . John
C. Eccles, Facing Reality. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970. . Roger
W. Sperry, "Mental Phenomena as Causal Determinants in Brain
Function," in G. G. Globus, G. Maxwell & I. Savodnik
(eds.), Consciousness and the Brain. New York: Plenum, 1976. . Karl
R. Popper & John C. Eccles, The Self and
Its Brain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983, p. 98. .
Bertrand Russell, "Mind and Matter," in Portraits From Memory. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956,
p. 145. |
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